Dietary moderately oxidized oil induces expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the liver of pigs

Varady, Juliane; Ringseis, Robert; Eder, Klaus

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-11-34

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To determine whether the elevation in total adiponectin in dolphins on a C17:0-rich diet was preceded by an increase in FGF21, we utilized a commercial ELISA previously used to measure serum FGF21 in cattle ( 29 , 30 ). The serum FGF21 concentrations were highly variable among this study’s dolphin population (129–1599 pg/ml), but was within similar ranges reported for humans 21–5300 pg/ml ( 31 ), pregnant cows 15–1600 pg/ml ( 29 ), pigs 225–325 pg/ml ( 32 ), northern elephant seals ~100–500 pg/ml ( 33 ), and rhesus monkeys 10–325 pg/ml ( 34 ). Even though we observed no significant difference between FGF21 levels over time, FGF21 was highly correlated with the abundance of total adiponectin (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Feeding a Modified Fish Diet to Bottlenose Dolphins Leads to an Increase in Serum Adiponectin and Sphingolipids

et al. 2016

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Feeding a modified fish diet has been suggested to improve insulin sensitivity in bottlenose dolphins; however, insulin sensitivity was not directly measured. Since demonstrating an improvement in insulin sensitivity is technically difficult in dolphins, we postulated that directional changes in the hormone axis: fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)/Adiponectin/Ceramide (Cer), could provide further support to this hypothesis. We measured 2-h post-prandial serum FGF21, total adiponectin, percent unmodified adiponectin, ceramide, and sphingosine levels from dolphins fed a diet rich in heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) over 24 weeks. Serum FGF21 was quantified by ELISA with an observed range of 129–1599 pg/ml, but did not significantly change over the 24-week study period. Total adiponectin levels (mean ± SD) significantly increased from 776 ± 400 pmol/ml at week 0 to 1196 ± 467 pmol/ml at week 24. The percent unmodified adiponectin levels (mean ± SD) decreased from 23.8 ± 6.0% at week 0 to 15.2 ± 5.2% at week 24. Interestingly, although FGF21 levels did not change, there was a good correlation between FGF21 and total adiponectin (ρ = 0.788, P < 0.001). We quantified the abundances of serum ceramides and sphingosines (SPH) because adiponectin has a defined role in sphingolipid metabolism through adiponectin receptor-mediated activation of ceramidases. The most abundant ceramide in dolphin sera was Cer 24:1 comprising 49% of the ceramides measured. Significant reductions were observed in the unsaturated Cer 18:1, Cer 20:1, and Cer 24:1, whereas significant increases were observed in saturated Cer 22:0, Cer 24:0, and Cer 26:0. However, total serum ceramides did not change. Significant elevations were detected for total sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate. Proteomic analysis of the serum proteins revealed few changes in serum proteins over the study period. In conclusion, shifting the dolphin diet to fishes rich in odd chain saturated fatty acids, such as C17:0, resulted in increased serum levels of the insulin sensitizing hormone adiponectin and serum SPH consistent with an insulin-sensitizing phenotype. It is still unclear whether FGF21 plays a role in the regulation of adiponectin in dolphins, similar to that shown in laboratory animal models.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Feeding a Modified Fish Diet to Bottlenose Dolphins Leads to an Increase in Serum Adiponectin and Sphingolipids

et al. 2016

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“…Consistent with the finding that dietary, moderately oxidized oil induces Fgf21 expression in the liver of pigs (38), Fgf21mRNA amounts were markedly increased in the liver of male fetuses from OFO-fed dams compared with their SO controls. Hondares et al (22) showed that in rodents, milk intake during suckling (i.e., a high-fat diet) is responsible for induction of hepatic Fgf21 expression via PPARa and that the FGF21 released by the liver contributes not only to metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet, such as milk, but also to the thermogenic activation of the BAT during the fetal-to-neonatal transition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Gestational Ingestion of Oxidized Frying Oil by C57BL/6J Mice Differentially Affects the Susceptibility of the Male and Female Offspring to Diet-Induced Obesity in Adulthood

Chuang

Huang

Chang

et al. 2013

The Journal of Nutrition

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal ingestion of oxidized frying oil (OFO) during pregnancy influences the susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO) of the adult offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet [10% fresh soybean oil (SO)] or an OFO-containing diet (10% OFO) throughout the entire gestational period. After parturition, all pups were nursed by SO-fed dams for 3 wk, weaned onto a nonpurified standard diet for 4 wk, and shifted to a high-fat diet (29% butter + 1% SO) for 5 wk. Consequently, 4 groups of offspring were obtained, consisting of the male (m) or female (f) offspring of dams fed the OFO diet (OFO-m and OFO-f) or the SO diet (SO-m and SO-f). At pregnancy d 18, higher amounts (P < 0.05) of mRNA for PPARα target genes were found in the liver of the OFO-fed dams and their fetuses than in their SO controls. Although all pups were raised under the same conditions in postnatal life, a comparison based on the gender of pups from dams fed the different diets showed that adult OFO-f mice were prone to DIO, whereas adult OFO-m mice were resistant. The adult OFO-m mice also had higher expression of PPARα target genes in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) and of thermogenic genes in the WAT than adult SO-m mice, whereas adult OFO-f and SO-f mice did not differ. We conclude that uterine PPARα activation caused by maternal OFO ingestion affects hepatic PPARα activity and adipose thermogenic capacity and contributes to the differential susceptibility to DIO in the male and female offspring in adulthood.

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“…Hence, stimulated production of FGF21 during early lactation in dairy cows might be mediated by PPARα which is activated by increased plasma NEFA concentrations. This assumption is supported by observations in pigs, in which activation of hepatic PPARα is also accompanied by an increased expression of FGF21 [72,73]. This clearly indicates that PPARα acts not only as a regulator of FGF21 expression in rodents, but also in different livestock species.…”

Section: Induction Of Fgf21 In the Liver Of Dairy Cows During Early Lactationsupporting

confidence: 65%

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in dairy cows: current knowledge and potential relevance

Eder

Geßner

Ringseis

2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been identified as an important regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which plays an important role for metabolic regulation, particularly under conditions of energy deprivation or stress conditions. Dairy cows are subjected to a negative energy balance and various kinds of stress particularly during the periparturient phase and during early lactation. It has been shown that the plasma concentration of FGF21 in dairy cows is dramatically increased at parturition and remains high during the first weeks of lactation. This finding suggests that FGF21 might exert similar functions in dairy cows than in other species, such as mice or humans. However, the role of FGF21 in dairy cows has been less investigated so far. Following a brief summary of the previous findings about the function of FGF21 in humans and mice, the present review aims to present the current state of knowledge about the role of FGF21 in dairy cows. The first part of the review deals with the tissue localization of FGF21 and with conditions leading to an upregulation of FGF21 expression in the liver of dairy cows. In the second part, the influence of nutrition on FGF21 expression and the role of FGF21 for metabolic diseases in dairy cows is addressed. In the third part, findings of exogenous FGF21 application on metabolism in dairy cows are reported. Finally, the potential relevance of FGF21 in dairy cows is discussed. It is concluded that FGF21 might be of great importance for metabolic adaptation to negative energy balance and stress conditions in dairy cows. However, further studies are needed for a better understanding of the functions of FGF21 in dairy cows.

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Dietary moderately oxidized oil induces expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the liver of pigs

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Feeding a Modified Fish Diet to Bottlenose Dolphins Leads to an Increase in Serum Adiponectin and Sphingolipids

Feeding a Modified Fish Diet to Bottlenose Dolphins Leads to an Increase in Serum Adiponectin and Sphingolipids

Gestational Ingestion of Oxidized Frying Oil by C57BL/6J Mice Differentially Affects the Susceptibility of the Male and Female Offspring to Diet-Induced Obesity in Adulthood

Fibroblast growth factor 21 in dairy cows: current knowledge and potential relevance

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