Dietary microparticles and their impact on tolerance and immune responsiveness of the gastrointestinal tract

Powell, Jonathan J.; Thoree, Vinay; Pele, Laetitia

doi:10.1017/s0007114507832922

Cited by 79 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These have previously been considered immunologically inert, but accumulating evidence suggests that ingested microparticles are taken up by the intestinal mucosa and induce an immunological response. 64 It was shown that conjugates of titanium oxide microparticles and lipopolysaccharide increase secretion of IL-1b in intestinal mucosal organ cultures. 65 Moreover, a higher microparticleinduced release of IL-1b was seen in IBD explants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces transcytosis of nanoparticles across human intestinal villus epithelium via invasin-dependent macropinocytosis

Ragnarsson

Schoultz

Gullberg

et al. 2008

Laboratory Investigation

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Crohn's disease is characterized by a defect in intestinal barrier function, where bacteria are considered the most important inflammation-driving factor. Enteric bacteria, including E. coli and Yersinia spp, affect tight junctions in enterocytes, but little is known about bacterial effects on the transcellular pathway. Our objective was to study the short-term effects of Y. pseudotuberculosis on uptake of nanoparticles across human villus epithelium. Monolayers of human colon epitheliumderived Caco-2 cells and biopsies of normal human ileum were studied after 2 h exposure to Y. pseudotuberculosis expressing (inv þ ) or lacking (invÀ) the bacterial adhesion molecule, invasin. Transepithelial transport of fluorescent nanoparticles (markers of transcytosis) was quantified by flow cytometry, and mechanisms explored by using inhibitors of endocytosis. Epithelial expressions of b1-integrin and particle uptake pathways were studied by confocal microscopy. The paracellular pathway was assessed by electrical resistance (TER), mannitol flux, and expression of tight junction proteins occludin and caludin-4 by confocal microscopy. Inv þ Y. pseudotuberculosis adhered to the apical surface of epithelial cells and induced transcytosis of exogenous nanoparticles across Caco-2 monolayers (30-fold increase, Po0.01) and ileal mucosa (268 ± 47% of control; Po0.01), whereas invÀ bacteria had no effect on transcytosis. The transcytosis was concentration-, particle size-and temperature-dependent, and possibly mediated via macropinocytosis. Y. pseudotuberculosis also induced apical expression of b1-integrin on epithelial cells. A slight drop in TER was seen after exposure to inv þ Y. pseudotuberculosis, whereas mannitol flux and tight junction protein expression was unchanged. In summary, Y. pseudotuberculosis induced apical expression of b1-integrin and stimulated uptake of nanoparticles via invasindependent transcytosis in human intestinal epithelium. Our findings suggest that bacterial factors may initiate transcytosis of luminal exogenous particles across human ileal mucosa, thus presenting a novel mechanism of intestinal barrier dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces transcytosis of nanoparticles across human intestinal villus epithelium via invasin-dependent macropinocytosis

Ragnarsson

Schoultz

Gullberg

et al. 2008

Laboratory Investigation

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“…Sources may be tablets, milk whitener and toothpaste among others. Other authors estimate the daily ingested amount of both TiO 2 and AlSi to be 40 mg or 10 12 particles/person/day [44,45]. …”

Section: Sources Of Dietary Microparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microparticles and Their Impact on Intestinal Immunity

Becker

Bertschinger

Rogler

2012

Dig Dis

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Microparticles are small (<1 µm), nonbiological particles that are used in many areas of daily life. As food additive they are used as anticaking agents or food colorants. The most common food-derived ingested compounds are aluminium silicate and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), the latter being a white pigment used in toothpaste or sugar toppings. The increasing abundance of microparticles in the Western diet raises the question of the potential risks associated with gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulation of particles has been shown in cells of Peyer’s patches, but it is not clear whether this also has pathological effects. NLRP3 is a member of the intracellular pattern recognition receptor family and it is part of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex containing caspase-1 which activates the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. With regard to recent findings identifying small particles such as asbestos and monosodium urate as NLRP3 activators, TiO₂ may be another potential target for inflammasome studies. We found that macrophage-like cells readily take up TiO₂ after 6 h. Incubation of cells with TiO₂ resulted in the assembly of NLRP3 with caspase-1. This inflammasome assembly correlated with secretion of IL-1β. In intestinal epithelial cells, TiO₂ also was found to be ingested. The counting of particles localized intracellularly revealed a dose-dependent increase of TiO₂-positive cells. This points to the fact that in humans with a leaky intestinal barrier (such as IBD patients), TiO₂ microparticles may be taken up by macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells, may activate the inflammasome and induce IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. This may aggravate inflammation in susceptible individuals.

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“…Another dietary factor that seems to be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of IBD and particularly that of CD is exogenous dietary microparticles (97). These are defined as non-biological particles of the gastrointestinal lumen with an appropriate size and shape which are taken up by mucosal phagocytes.…”

Section: Exogenous Microparticle Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: An update

Guagnozzi

González-Castillo

Olveira

et al. 2012

Rev. esp. enferm. dig.

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Background and aims: enteral (EN) and parenteral (TPN) nutrition exert variable therapeutic effects on the induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).This review aims to provide an updated discussion on the complex relationship between diet and IBD.Methods: medline, Cochrane and Scopus database searches were conducted. Sources cited in the articles obtained were also searched to identify other potential sources of information.Results: nutritional status is significantly compromised in IBD patients, especially those with Crohn's disease (CD). Apart from restoring malnourishment, dietary components contribute to modulate intestinal immune responses. Nutritional treatment is divided into support therapy and primary therapy to induce and maintain remission through TPN and EN. EN is considered a first-line therapy in children with active CD whereas it is usually used in adult CD patients when corticosteroid therapy is not possible. TPN has limited effects on IBD.En formula composition, in terms of carbohydrates, nitrogen source and bioactive molecules supplementation, differentially influence on IBD treatment outcomes. Other dietary components, such as poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrate, polyols, and exogenous microparticles, also participate in the etiopathogenesis of IBD. Finally, new approaches to understanding the complex relationship between IBD and diet are provided by nutrigenenomic.Conclusion: further long-term, well-powered studies are required to accurately assess the usefulness of nutrition in treating IBD. In future research, the potential role of nutrient-gene interaction in drug trials and specific dietary formula compositions should be investigated in order to incorporate new knowledge about the etiopathology of IBD into nutritional intervention.

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Dietary microparticles and their impact on tolerance and immune responsiveness of the gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 79 publications

References 31 publications

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces transcytosis of nanoparticles across human intestinal villus epithelium via invasin-dependent macropinocytosis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces transcytosis of nanoparticles across human intestinal villus epithelium via invasin-dependent macropinocytosis

Microparticles and Their Impact on Intestinal Immunity

Nutritional treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: An update

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