Dietary menhaden oil: effects on the rate and magnitude of modification of phospholipid fatty acid composition of mouse heart and brain

Swanson, Joy E.; Black, J. Mark; Kinsella, John E.

doi:10.1079/bjn19880062

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and C20/C22 ratio were drastically altered by DHA feeding. These observations agree with previous results obtained by feeding fish oil [12,24,28,30] as such or in combination with safflower oil as source of LA [11,13,26],…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Livers were homogenized in cold saline (5% w/v) using a polytron homogenizer (PCU2Kinematic, Steinhofhalde. Switzerland) for 8 s at , The lipids were scraped from the plates after visualization with 0.01 % 8-hvdroxy-1,3.6-pyrene-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt in anhy drous methanol, extracted, saponified and the free FA derivatized into methylester as previously described [26]. The FA methyl esters were separated by GLC [II] (5830.…”

Section: Enzymes Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13] and it appears to be enriched in 22 carbon PUFA [24], The manipulation of its FA composi tion by feeding sheep kidney fat [25] or fish oil to rats [11][12][13] or mice [26] leads to a greater increase of DHA PL content versus EPA. with a concomitant decrease of n-6 PUFA, which seems to influence cardiac basal functions [27] and decrease its suscep tibility to experimentally induced arrhyth mias [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition of Mouse Cardiac Organelles after Feeding Graded Amounts of Docosahexaenoate in Presence of High Levels of Linoleate

Croset¹,

Kinsella²

1989

Ann Nutr Metab

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Mice were fed diets containing a constant supply of linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) as ethyl ester representing 5% by weight of the total fat (5 wt%), in combination with graded amounts of purified docosahexaenoate (22:6n-3, DHA). Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondrial phospholipids (PL) from mice fed the diet without DHA contained higher levels of n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (22:4n-6 and 22:5n-6) compared to total PL of liver. In the cardiac mitochondrial PL, the level of LA, DHA, the total content of PUFA and the P/S ratio were significantly higher than in SR. A small increase in dietary DHA from 0 to 0.43 wt% induced a 3.6-fold increase in PL DHA content from both cardiac organelles, with a concurrent reduction of n-6 PUFA. The changes in fatty acid PL composition were much more moderate when dietary DHA level was increased to 0.85 and 3.74 wt%. Feeding the lowest amount of DHA resulted in a 6-fold decrease in the value of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and a 3.5-fold decrease in the value of 20 carbon chain/22 carbon chain PUFA ratio. DHA was readily depleted from cardiac PL, and only arachidonic acid was retained in the PL from both organelles, after feeding a fat-deficient diet. Despite these drastic modifications in PL fatty acid composition, the maximum velocity (V_m) of SR Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-ATPase was not affected, which indicates that SR cardiac membrane adapts to changes in fatty acid composition to prevent important modifications of its functional properties. However, the V_m of mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase was slightly increased in mice fed the lowest amount of DHA. This might be due to an increase in P/S ratio and/or to a modification of cardiolipin fatty acid composition, since this PL is required for optimum function of this enzyme. It is concluded that DHA is strongly taken up by mouse cardiac PL, even in the presence of high dietary LA levels, but its acylation into PL has only little effect on the cardiac ATPase activities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Enzymes Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition of Mouse Cardiac Organelles after Feeding Graded Amounts of Docosahexaenoate in Presence of High Levels of Linoleate

Croset¹,

Kinsella²

1989

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…Male BDF1 mice purchased from Animal Resources Center (Canning Vale, Western Australia) were used at 6-8 wk of age when their body weights ranged between 19.0 and 21.0 g. The animals were kept in filter-covered plastic cages, housed in a temperature-controlled room with a diurnal 12 h light cycle, and provided with tap water and the assigned experimental diets ad libitum for 10 d prior to experimentation and continuously thereafter. This period of time was found to be sufficient to modify the PUFA composition of phospholipids in most organs to stable levels in mice (22). The animals were inoculated intraperitoneally on day 0 with P388 cells (10 6 cells/mouse), followed by injection of DOX or saline also intraperitoneally on days 1 and 6.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fish oil and vitamin E enhance doxorubicin effects in P388 tumor‐bearing mice

Liu

Tan

2002

Lipids

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In this study, four kinds of rodent diets, CO, FO, CVe, and FVe, were used by addition of canola oil, oil mixture (fish oil + canola oil), canola oil plus vitamin E, and oil mixture plus vitamin E, respectively, to a basic diet, AIN-93G, to investigate the influence of dietary fish oil and vitamin E on doxorubicin (DOX) treatment in P388 ascitic mice. Animal life span (LS) and heart damage were recorded in mice fed the four different diets and treated with different doses of DOX. The optimal doses of DOX for antitumor effect as manifested by increased LS were 6.0 and 9.0 mg/kg. Both fish oil and vitamin E significantly enhanced this effect. On the other hand, DOX at 12.0 mg/kg induced severe heart damage, which was also significantly aggravated by both fish oil and vitamin E, as shown by both decreased LS and increased serum creatine phosphokinase activity. Fish oil and vitamin E appeared to enhance the antitumor effect of optimal doses of DOX but to aggravate cardiotoxicity owing to DOX overdose.

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“…Holub and coworkers (18) obtained similar results but found that EPA did increase substantially in the retina. Mice fed 10% fish oil (15) showed a transient rise in brain EPA, which mostly disappeared by 10 d of feeding. Some studies involving the feeding of large amounts of 18:3n-3 also showed little effect on brain EPA levels (42,43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid Is the Preferred Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid for the Development of the Brain and Retina

1990

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ABSTRACT. The metabolism of individual dietary n-3 fatty acids was studied in n-3 fatty acid-deficient newly hatched chicks. Laying hens were fed the n-6 fatty acid, ethyl linoleate, as the only source of polyunsaturated fat. Chicks were then fed the n-3-deficient hens' diet, or one of three other diets supplemented with the ethyl ester of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], or 22:6n-3 [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] at 0.44% of calories. At the end of 0, 1, 2, and 3 wk, the fatty acid composition of the brain, retina, liver, and serum was determined. Dietary EPA and DHA were equally effective at raising levels of DHA in the brain and retina. Dietary 18:3 was relatively ineffective in restoring brain and retina DHA. In the n-3-deficient chicks fed EPA or DHA, levels of DHA recovered to control values in both the brain and retina by 3 wk. Very little EPA accumulated in the brain or retina of chicks fed EPA. Hepatic synthesis of DHA from EPA appeared low, suggesting that the brain and retina synthesized the DHA that accumulated rapidly in these tissues after the feeding of EPA. The 6-4-desaturase enzyme was apparently very active, then, in the brain and retina. Retroconversion of dietary 22:6 to 22:5 and 20:5 was evident in the serum, liver, and retina but not in the brain. Thus, it was possible to study the relative metabolism and especially the interconversion of n-3 fatty acids in a environment uncomplicated by existing stores of these essential fatty acids. This study would suggest that 18:3 as the sole source of n-3 fatty acids in the diets of animals, including the human infant, may not be adequate for the biochemical development of the brain and retina and that dietary DHA is the preferred fatty acid of the n-3 series. (Pediatr Res 27: 89-97, 1990) Abbreviations DHA, docosahexaenoic acid EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid The n-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids has become the focus of much interest because of evidence that these compounds

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Dietary menhaden oil: effects on the rate and magnitude of modification of phospholipid fatty acid composition of mouse heart and brain

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Changes in Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition of Mouse Cardiac Organelles after Feeding Graded Amounts of Docosahexaenoate in Presence of High Levels of Linoleate

Changes in Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition of Mouse Cardiac Organelles after Feeding Graded Amounts of Docosahexaenoate in Presence of High Levels of Linoleate

Dietary fish oil and vitamin E enhance doxorubicin effects in P388 tumor‐bearing mice

Docosahexaenoic Acid Is the Preferred Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid for the Development of the Brain and Retina

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