Dietary melatonin and L-tryptophan supplementation counteracts the effects of acute stress in Salmo salar

Oyarzún-Salazar, Ricardo; Muñoz, José Luis Pedraz; Mardones, O.; Labbé, B.S.; Romero, Alex; Nualart, Daniela; Vargas‐Chacoff, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737882

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This enzyme converts tryptophan to serotonin and melatonin as the final products. Both hormones are involved in many physiological processes such as feeding intake, osmoregulation, and reducing stress [1,5,13,43], indicating that the serotonin system could have a dual role in the stress response, responding as an early signal during initiation but also as a late response during chronic stress as we mentioned in our results with two patterns of mRNA expression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Cortisol is a product of HPI, derived from ACTH activation in the head kidney due to stress events, and tryptophan is an essential amino acid that needs to be incorporated into the diet [1,23,39]. In the last ten years, as recommendations to improve aquaculture have arisen, many articles suggest supplementing the diet with several products, such as tryptophan, since the levels of this essential amino acid are decreasing in fish affected by several stressors, as was mentioned by previous studies [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish in aquaculture suffer high stress levels due to abiotic variables such as temperature, hypoxia, salinity, pH, or eutrophication and biotic variables such as viruses, bacterial, sea lice, or harmful micro-algae blooms [1][2][3]. As a reaction to this event, Wendelaar-Bonga (1997) [3] mentioned that the fish have two axis stress responses, having different actions at different times: the first is for acute stress, "brain-sympathetic-chromaffin" (BSC), and the second axis is for chronic stress, "hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal" (HPI) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tryptophan and Cortisol Modulate the Kynurenine and Serotonin Transcriptional Pathway in the Kidney of Oncorhynchus kisutch

Vargas-Chacoff,

Nualart,

Vargas-Lagos

et al. 2023

Animals

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Aquaculture fish are kept for long periods in sea cages or tanks. Consequently, accumulated stress causes the fish to present serious problems with critical economic losses. Fish food has been supplemented to reduce this stress, using many components as amino acids such as tryptophan. This study aims to determine the transcriptional effect of tryptophan and cortisol on primary cell cultures of salmon head and posterior kidney. Our results indicate activation of the kynurenine pathway and serotonin activity when stimulated with tryptophan and cortisol. An amount of 95% of tryptophan is degraded by the kynurenine pathway, indicating the relevance of knowing how this pathway is activated and if stress levels associated with fish culture trigger its activation. Additionally, it is essential to know the consequence of increasing kynurenic acid “KYNA” levels in the short and long term, and even during the fish ontogeny.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tryptophan and Cortisol Modulate the Kynurenine and Serotonin Transcriptional Pathway in the Kidney of Oncorhynchus kisutch

Vargas-Chacoff,

Nualart,

Vargas-Lagos

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Some studies in other fish, such as Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ), show that, in general, the administration of Trp improves the immune response by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines [ 68 ]. Trp can mitigate cannibalism, improve the growth of Asian Sea Bass ( Lates calcarifer ) [ 69 ], and counteract the effects of acute stress in Atlantic salmon [ 70 ]. In the case of Kyn, it has been described as a pheromone in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ); however, there are no reports associated with its function as an immunomodulator [ 71 ].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture: Towards the Identification and Design of Novel Probiotics

Torres-Maravilla,

Parra,

Maisey

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Aquaculture is a growing industry worldwide, but it faces challenges related to animal health. These challenges include infections by parasites, bacteria, and viral pathogens. These harmful pathogens have devastating effects on the industry, despite efforts to control them through vaccination and antimicrobial treatments. Unfortunately, these measures have proven insufficient to address the sanitary problems, resulting in greater environmental impact due to the excessive use of antimicrobials. In recent years, probiotics have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the performance of the immune system against parasitic, bacterial, and viral pathogens in various species, including mammals, birds, and fish. Some probiotics have been genetically engineered to express and deliver immunomodulatory molecules. These promote selective therapeutic effects and specific immunization against specific pathogens. This review aims to summarize recent research on the use of probiotics in fish aquaculture, with a particular emphasis on genetically modified probiotics. In particular, we focus on the advantages of using these microorganisms and highlight the main barriers hindering their widespread application in the aquaculture industry.

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Transcriptomic analysis of the antioxidant responses and immunomodulatory effects of dietary melatonin in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

Li,

Ye,

et al. 2023

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Dietary melatonin and L-tryptophan supplementation counteracts the effects of acute stress in Salmo salar

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Tryptophan and Cortisol Modulate the Kynurenine and Serotonin Transcriptional Pathway in the Kidney of Oncorhynchus kisutch

Tryptophan and Cortisol Modulate the Kynurenine and Serotonin Transcriptional Pathway in the Kidney of Oncorhynchus kisutch

Importance of Probiotics in Fish Aquaculture: Towards the Identification and Design of Novel Probiotics

Transcriptomic analysis of the antioxidant responses and immunomodulatory effects of dietary melatonin in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

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