Dietary media for mass rearing of rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

Jagadeesan, Rajeswaran; Nayak, Manoj K.; Dawson, Kerri; Byrne, Valerie; Collins, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2013.08.004

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Insects were cultured in rolled oats (13% w/w moisture content) fortified with brewer's yeast (20:1 w/w) and maintained at 30°C and 60% r.h. under a 12:12-h light/dark photoperiod (Jagadeesan et al 2013). …”

Section: Insect Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative tolerance and expression of resistance to phosphine in life stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus

et al. 2017

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Cryptolestes ferrugineus is a serious cosmopolitan pest of stored products. Frequent and indiscriminate usage of phosphine has caused the development of high levels of resistance to this fumigant. As there are few alternatives, it is imperative that resistance to phosphine is managed. Effective management requires knowledge of key factors driving the rate of selection. One of the most important factors is the response of each resistance genotype to phosphine, especially heterozygotes. Moreover, it is important to understand the expression of resistance in all life stages as all stages are subjected to selection during fumigation. We determined the relative tolerance and resistance levels to phosphine in all life stages of homozygous parental strains (susceptible and resistant) and their F 1 progeny (heterozygous) and estimated relative dominance of resistance within life stages over 48 h. In susceptible insects, relative tolerance was highest in eggs followed by pupae, then adults which had about the same tolerance as larvae. In homozygous resistant insects, the order of tolerance was adult = egg [ pupae [ larvae and in heterozygotes larvae [ eggs [ pupae [ adults. All life stages expressed resistance with resistance ratios highest in adults [ pupae [ larvae [ eggs. At LC 50 , resistance was incompletely recessive in eggs, pupae and adults and incompletely dominant in larvae. Eggs and adults were also incompletely recessive at LC 95 , but larvae were completely dominant and pupae were incompletely dominant. Our data showed that a proportion of heterozygotes in all life stages, the major carriers of resistance in the field, will survive at very high concentrations, particularly in the egg stage, forming a nucleus for reinfestation or dispersal of resistance.

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Section: Insect Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative tolerance and expression of resistance to phosphine in life stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus

et al. 2017

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“…The rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) is a serious pest of stored cereal grains and processed commodities throughout the world 1 , 2 . In China, C. ferrugineus is considered to be the most important pest of the Cryptolestes genus and has caused serious economic losses in several southern provinces in recent years 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference gene selection to determine differences in mitochondrial gene expressions in phosphine-susceptible and phosphine-resistant strains of Cryptolestes ferrugineus, using qRT-PCR

Tang

Duan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Cryptolestes ferrugineus is a serious pest of stored grain and has developed high levels of resistance to phosphine fumigants in many countries. Measuring differences in expression levels of certain ‘resistant’ genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) may provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to phosphine in C. ferrugineus, but reliable qRT-PCR results depend on suitable reference genes (RGs). We evaluated the stability of nine candidate RGs across different developmental stages and phosphine strains of C. ferrugineus, using four softwares. The results showed that RPS13 and EF1α were the most stable RGs, whereas α-TUB was the least under developmental stages. Across the different strains, RPS13 and γ-TUB were the most stable RGs, whereas CycA and GAPDH were the least. We confirmed the reliability of the selected RGs by qRT-PCR analyses of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Expression of cox1 was not significantly different in the phosphine-resistant strain compared with the phosphine-susceptible strain, but three mitochondrial genes (nad3, atp6 and cob) were significantly down-regulated. These results suggest that alterations in the expressions of these three genes may be associated with phosphine resistance in C. ferrugineus. The findings will facilitate future functional genomics studies on the development and phosphine resistance in C. ferrugineus.

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“…In the first set of experiments, developmental time of each representative experimental strain was assessed on a previously established favourable diet for this species (Jagadeesan et al 2013b) at an optimal (30 °C) (Rillett 1949;Ashby 1961) and a suboptimal low (22 °C) temperature (Fields 1992) using controlled environment rooms with regime of 70% RH. For each strain, 100 unsexed adults (1-2 weeks post-emergence) were released into a glass jar of 500 mL volume, filled with 100 g of rolled oats plus yeast (20:1) and sealed with perforated lid containing Whatman filter paper.…”

Section: Fitness Cost Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second set of experiments, developmental time and reproduction rate were estimated for each of the experimental strains on a less favourable diet consisting of cracked wheat + cracked sorghum (CW + CS) in 1:1 ratio along with 5% yeast at 30 °C and 70% RH (Jagadeesan et al 2013b). The focus of this experiment was to examine possible impacts of resistance genes on the biological traits of insect strains grown under more challenging conditions.…”

Section: Fitness Cost Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene introgression in assessing fitness costs associated with phosphine resistance in the rusty grain beetle

et al. 2021

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The current study investigates the fitness cost associated with phosphine resistance in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), a problematic pest in the stored commodities that has developed strong resistance to fumigant phosphine. Three characterised insect strains: the susceptible (Ref-S), the strongly resistant (Ref-R), the introgressed resistant (Intro-R) and a segregating population (F 25 ) derived from crossing the Ref-S and Ref-R strains were used in this study. Intro-R was developed by introgressing two phosphine resistance genes, cf_rph1 and cf_rph2 into Ref-S, aimed to reduce the influence of background genetic factors. Intro-R exhibited 592 × resistance to phosphine and homozygous for strong resistance allele, cf_rph2 (L73N). Two key fitness cost criteria, developmental time and fecundity, were assessed under optimal and suboptimal conditions (less favourable diet and low temperature). There was no significant difference in developmental time and fecundity between Ref-S and either Intro-R strain or F 25 under optimal conditions. When challenged with a less favourable diet, cracked wheat + cracked sorghum (CW + CS), or exposed to a low temperature (22 °C), both Intro-R and Ref-S had similar developmental time and total numbers of F 1 progeny, confirming the absence of significant fitness effects expressed in these conditions. Therefore, we conclude that strongly phosphine resistant C. ferrugineus are unlikely to incur potential fitness costs. This finding will have implications towards developing strategies to manage this pest.

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Dietary media for mass rearing of rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Relative tolerance and expression of resistance to phosphine in life stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus

Relative tolerance and expression of resistance to phosphine in life stages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus

Reference gene selection to determine differences in mitochondrial gene expressions in phosphine-susceptible and phosphine-resistant strains of Cryptolestes ferrugineus, using qRT-PCR

Gene introgression in assessing fitness costs associated with phosphine resistance in the rusty grain beetle

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