Dietary manipulations affecting growth and nitrogenous waste production of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

McGoogan, Bruce B.; Gatlin, Delbert M.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00260-4

Cited by 77 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, we observed in this study that the protein requirement of goldfish is greatly affected by the energy content of the diets, thus corroborating with several reports with different fish species (MCGOOGAN; GATLIN, 2000;SATOH et al, 2004;MOLLA and AMIRKOLAIE, 2011). Until we could reference, there is just two studies in the literature reporting the protein and energy requirement for Goldfish, however none have used different energy content.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Protein to energy ratios in goldfish (Carassius auratus) diets

et al. 2013

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The optimal dietary digestible protein to energy ratio is critical for the success of fish farming. Considering that it provides the proper development of the animals, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different dietary digestible protein to energy ratio in diets for goldfish fingerlings. Diets were formulated to contain 28.0, 35.0, 42.0 and 49.0% DP and 3,600 and 3,200 kcal/ kg. The growth parameters evaluated were daily weight gain (DWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV) and energy retention ratio (ERR) and specific growth rate (SGR). Regardless FI, all the parameters were affected by protein and energy levels and interaction between both factors was observed. The second-order polynomial equation best fitted to the DWG, SGR, FCR, PER and ERR with estimated requirement values of 38.81, 38.85, 41.05, 41.80 and 39.39% DP, respectively, at the 3,200 kcal/kg. A second-order polynomial model was significant only for the ERR data at the 3,600 kcal/kg with an estimated requirement value of 36.45% DP. Generally, fish fed diets containing 3,200 kcal/kg had better growth performance than fish fed 3,600 kcal/kg (P<0.01), indicating a higher feed efficiency. A 3,200 kcal/kg diet seems to be the proper DE level for meeting goldfish requirement for highest weight gain. Based on this experimental condition, we recommend the use of DP levels between 38.0-40.0% in diets for goldfish with 3,200 kcal/kg or a dietary protein to energy ratio between 119-125 mg/ kcal DE.Index terms: Energy requirement, feed intake, growth protein requirement, ornamental fish. RESUMOA ótima relação energia/proteína é importante para o sucesso da piscicultura. Considerando que a mesma fornece o adequado desenvolvimento dos animais, este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a relação energia/proteína digestível ótima para alevinos de kinguio. Dietas foram formuladas para conter 28,0; 35,0; 42,0 e 49,0% PD e 3600 e 3200 kcal/kg. Foram avaliados: ganho de peso diário (GPD), consumo de ração aparente (CRA), conversão alimentar aparente (CAA), taxa de eficiência protéica (TEP), valor produtivo protéico (VPP), taxa de retenção de energia (TRE) e taxa de crescimento especifico (TCE). Com exceção do CRA, todos os parâmetros foram afetados pelos níveis de proteína e energia e interação entre os dois fatores foram observados. O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos parâmetros GPD, TCE, CAA, TEP e TRE foi o polinomial de segunda ordem com valores de exigência de 38,81; 38,85; 41,05; 41,80 e 39,39% DP, respectivamente, para o nível de 3200 kcal ED/kg. O modelo polinomial de segunda ordem foi significativo apenas para os dados de TRE no nível de 3600 kcal ED/kg, com valor de exigência 36,45% PD. Os peixes alimentados com dietas contendo 3200 kcal/kg apresentaram melhor desempenho de crescimento do que os alimentados com 3600 kcal/kg (P<0,01), indicando uma maior eficiência alimentar. 3200 kcal/kg ED parece ser o nível adequado encontrado para kinguio para maior ganho d...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Protein to energy ratios in goldfish (Carassius auratus) diets

et al. 2013

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“…Study of ElDakar (1999) showed that FCR, PER and PPV improved by decreasing feeding level. In other words, increasing energy density does not seem to be ensuring that requirements for maximal growth are met (McGoogan and Gatlin, 2000). The present study confirmed the above findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Survival, Growth, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Composition of Rabbitfish, Siganus Rivulatus, Fed Different Dietary Energy and Feeding Levels

El-Dakar

Hassanen

Shalaby

et al. 2010

Mediterranean Aquaculture Journal

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A feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary energy level and feeding level or daily energy density (DED) on growth, feed conversion, nutrient retention efficiencies, carcass composition, apparent nutrient digestibility and cost benefit analysis for fingerling of rabbitfish, Siganous rivulatus. Twelve net cages, each with dimensions of 1x1x0.4m were stocked with 10 fingerlings (10g/fish initial weight). The fish were fed three isonutrogenous diets (25% CP), with varying three oil supplement (0,5 and 10%), and digestible energy levels (3882, 4056 and 4360 kcal/kg diet), at of 2 and 4% body weight/day (BW/d), corresponding six daily energy densities based on calorie per 1g BW of fish per day. Fish were fed the experimental diets three times daily, six days a week for 98 days. Fish were weighed every two week intervals and feed amounts were adjusted on the basis of the new fish weight. Final body weight, gain and specific growth level (SGR) were increased with an increase in dietary energy level at 2% feeding level but no trends were evident at 4% feeding level. Feed conversion (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), productive protein value (PPV%) and energy retention (ER%) were higher when fish were fed at 2% than 4% feeding level. Furthermore, increasing daily energy density resulted in an increase in SGR until level of 162.4cal/g BW of fish. However the differences in SGR above 155.2cal/g BW were not significant (P >0.05). There are a positive effect between energy density and SGR (y= 0.099x+0.5, r 2 = 0.88). Fat content of carcass increased by increasing both energy and feeding levels while protein content did not affected.

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“…The feed is more cost effective if dietary protein is used for growth, e.g., repairing and building up tissue as much as possible and with the least amount broken down to energy (Gauquelin et al 2007). Protein utilization in fish could be enhanced by adjusting feed protein to energy (P/E) ratio (McGoogan and Gatlin 2000) or applying feed supplements such as medicinal herbs (Li et al 2009) and baker's yeast (Osman et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading food wastes by means of bromelain and papain to enhance growth and immunity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Choi

Lam

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The fast growing of global aquaculture industry accompanied with increasing pressure on the supply and price of traditional feed materials (e.g., fish meal and soy bean meal). This circumstance has urged the need to search alternative sources of feed stuff. Food waste was used as feed stuff in rearing fish which possess substantial protein and lipid. Grass carp are major species reared in Hong Kong with lower nutritional requirements; it is also an ideal species for investigating the feasibility of using food waste as fish feeds for local aquaculture industry. The growth and immunity, reflected by total protein, total immunologlobulin (IgI), and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity of grass carp blood, were depressed when feeding with food waste feeds without enzymes. However, the supplementation of bromelain and papain in fish feed enhanced the efficient use of food waste by grass carp, which in turn improved the fish immunity. The present results indicated that the addition of those enzymes could enhance the feed utilization by fish and hematological parameters of grass carp, and the improvement on growth and immunity superior to the control (commercial feed) was observed with the addition of bromelain and papain supplement. Addition of 1 and 2 % mixture of bromelain and papain could significantly enhance the lipid utilization in grass carp.

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Dietary manipulations affecting growth and nitrogenous waste production of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

Cited by 77 publications

References 28 publications

Protein to energy ratios in goldfish (Carassius auratus) diets

Protein to energy ratios in goldfish (Carassius auratus) diets

Survival, Growth, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Composition of Rabbitfish, Siganus Rivulatus, Fed Different Dietary Energy and Feeding Levels

Upgrading food wastes by means of bromelain and papain to enhance growth and immunity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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