Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta‐analysis

Dibaba, Daniel T.; Xun, Pengcheng; Fly, Alyce D.; Yokota, Kuninobu; He, Ka

doi:10.1111/dme.12537

Cited by 62 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Magnesium is also a coenzyme factor that affects the metabolism of glucose and lipids. Unlike some reports indicating that Mg supplements reduced TG levels and blood pressure [34], we observed an increased risk of elevated TG with the second tertile of Mg. Other studies suggested that Mg supplements were negatively associated with the risk of MetS [35,36], so it is possible that low levels of Mg may be associated with the incidence of some MetS components. In the current study, the incidence of reduced HDL-C was increased by the combination of a high Zn level and a low Mg level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of whole blood copper, magnesium and zinc levels with metabolic syndrome components in 6–12-year-old rural Chinese children: 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey

Zhang

Man

Song

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) are essential elements that participate in a series of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways related to metabolic reactions. Many studies have analyzed the relationship between Cu, Mg and Zn and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and adults, but there have been few studies of children. We aimed to investigate the association of whole blood Cu, Mg and Zn with MetS components in 6–12-year-old rural Chinese children. Methods: A total of 911 children (51.2% male, 48.7% female) aged 6–12 years were enrolled from the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. Basic characteristics, metals and MetS component parameters were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the independent relationship between metals and the incidence of MetS components.Results: Copper was positively associated with elevated waist circumference when analyzed alone (OR=2.00, 1.18–3.28). Combined with Zn, this association approached zero. For elevated triglyceride levels, the combination of low Cu and high Zn showed the opposite association with triglyceride relative to Cu alone (OR=2.21, 1.18–4.13 versus OR=0.33, 0.16–0.65, respectively), but was similar to the analysis of Zn alone (OR=2.12, 1.10–4.10). There was no association between whole blood Mg and waist circumference. However, the presence of both high Cu and high Mg levels significantly increased the risk of waist circumference exceeding the standard value (OR=2.03, 1.26–3.27). In addition, separate analysis of the distribution of Mg and Zn found no association with the risk of reduced high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C); but high Zn combined with low Mg negatively associated with the risk of reduced HDL-C levels (OR=0.47, 0.28–0.77). Conclusions: Both the single and combined effects of Cu, Mg and Zn were associated with components of MetS. These results indicate the importance of combined analysis of multiple elements, and also provide new avenues for the early screening of MetS. The current results need to be further investigated in future work and other populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of whole blood copper, magnesium and zinc levels with metabolic syndrome components in 6–12-year-old rural Chinese children: 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey

Zhang

Man

Song

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Low magnesium status may lead to chronic diseases ( Table 1 ) ( 2 – 36 ). For example, studies have linked low magnesium status to a greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) 6 ( 24 , 27 – 31 ), type 2 diabetes (T2D) ( 17 , 37 , 38 ), cardiovascular disease (CVD) ( 7 , 8 , 39 ), skeletal disorders ( 32 , 34 , 36 , 40 – 42 ), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( 43 – 47 ), and possibly some cancers ( 48 – 51 ). Low magnesium status has also been associated with depression ( 52 – 55 ) and decreased cognition ( 56 , 57 ).…”

Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status?

Rosanoff¹,

Dai

Shapses

2016

Advances in Nutrition

103

105

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Although much is known about magnesium, its interactions with calcium and vitamin D are less well studied. Magnesium intake is low in populations who consume modern processed-food diets. Low magnesium intake is associated with chronic diseases of global concern [e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and skeletal disorders], as is low vitamin D status. No simple, reliable biomarker for whole-body magnesium status is currently available, which makes clinical assessment and interpretation of human magnesium research difficult. Between 1977 and 2012, US calcium intakes increased at a rate 2–2.5 times that of magnesium intakes, resulting in a dietary calcium to magnesium intake ratio of >3.0. Calcium to magnesium ratios <1.7 and >2.8 can be detrimental, and optimal ratios may be ∼2.0. Background calcium to magnesium ratios can affect studies of either mineral alone. For example, US studies (background Ca:Mg >3.0) showed benefits of high dietary or supplemental magnesium for CVD, whereas similar Chinese studies (background Ca:Mg <1.7) showed increased risks of CVD. Oral vitamin D is widely recommended in US age-sex groups with low dietary magnesium. Magnesium is a cofactor for vitamin D biosynthesis, transport, and activation; and vitamin D and magnesium studies both showed associations with several of the same chronic diseases. Research on possible magnesium and vitamin D interactions in these human diseases is currently rare. Increasing calcium to magnesium intake ratios, coupled with calcium and vitamin D supplementation coincident with suboptimal magnesium intakes, may have unknown health implications. Interactions of low magnesium status with calcium and vitamin D, especially during supplementation, require further study.

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“…Another meta-analysis including 6 cross-sectional studies in a total of 24,473 participants investigated the correlation between magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome [ 58 ]. This study revealed that daily intake of 100 mg magnesium was associated with a risk reduction by 17%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes—What Is the Potential of Daily Water Intake and Its Mineral Nutrients?

et al. 2017

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We aim to present an overview of the possible influence of drinking water in general and mineral water in particular in improving glycemic parameters in persons with or without type 2 diabetes. We performed a literature search that produced 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic with mainly small sample sizes. We also discuss relevant observational and animal studies as well as the effects of important supplements in mineral water such as hydrogencarbonate and magnesium. There is low evidence for the positive effects of water or mineral water in improving glycemic parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic persons, and the results are heterogenous, making it difficult to reach an unequivocal conclusion. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies and other observational studies, studies with animal models and interventional studies using hydrogencarbonate and magnesium supplements suggest a probable positive effect of drinking water and mineral water in particular on glycemic parameters, supporting the positive results found in some of the RCTs, especially those substituting diet beverages or caloric beverages with water, or those using bicarbonate and magnesium-rich water. Regarding the high prevalence, the associated suffering and the resulting health expenditures of type 2 diabetes, it is imperative to conduct larger and more rigorous trials to answer the question whether drinking water or mineral water can improve glycemic parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic persons.

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Dietary magnesium intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta‐analysis

Cited by 62 publications

References 50 publications

Association of whole blood copper, magnesium and zinc levels with metabolic syndrome components in 6–12-year-old rural Chinese children: 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey

Association of whole blood copper, magnesium and zinc levels with metabolic syndrome components in 6–12-year-old rural Chinese children: 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey

Essential Nutrient Interactions: Does Low or Suboptimal Magnesium Status Interact with Vitamin D and/or Calcium Status?

Prevention and Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes—What Is the Potential of Daily Water Intake and Its Mineral Nutrients?

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