Dietary macronutrients do not differently affect postprandial vascular endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men

Smeets, E.; Mensink, Ronald P.; Joris, Peter J.

doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02340-y

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, differential effects of hormones, such as insulin, might play a role in explaining differences between postprandial changes in FMD as compared with longer-term effects on fasting FMD. However, in a recent study, we found that different postprandial insulin responses were not linked to differences in postprandial FMD [56]. Moreover, differences could have been caused by different effects on inflammation.…”

Section: Table 2acontrasting

confidence: 53%

Effects of tree nut and groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials

2021

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Introduction: L-arginine supplementation may improve vascular endothelial function. As tree nuts and groundnuts are a source of the amino acid L-arginine, we performed a meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of tree nut and groundnut consumption with those of L-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial endothelial function as assessed by flowmediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD). Methods: Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in FMD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. Results: A total of thirteen RCTs focusing on tree nut and groundnut consumption and nineteen RCTs investigating effects of L-arginine supplementation were included. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and groundnuts increased fasting FMD by 1.09 %-point (PP) (95% CI: 0.49, 1.69, P < 0.001; I 2 : 76.7%, P < 0.001), while L-arginine supplementation (daily range: 3e21 g) increased fasting FMD by 0.53 PP (95% CI: 0.12, 0.93; P ¼ 0.012; I 2 : 91.6%, P < 0.001). Effects between treatments were not statistically different (P ¼ 0.31). Tree nut and groundnut consumption did not affect postprandial FMD responses (1.25 PP, 95% CI: À0.31, 2.81, P ¼ 0.12; I 2 : 91.4%, P < 0.001), whereas L-arginine supplementation (range: 3 e15 g) improved FMD during the postprandial phase by 2.02 PP (95% CI: 0.92, 3.13, P < 0.001; I 2 : 99.1%, P < 0.001). However, treatment effects did not differ significantly (P ¼ 0.60). Overall, these results derive from high-quality evidence. Conclusion: Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and groundnuts, as well as L-arginine supplementation did improve fasting endothelial function, as assessed by FMD. However, the positive effects of tree nuts and groundnuts could not be fully explained by the amount of L-arginine in these nuts. Only Larginine supplementation did improve postprandial FMD, but effects were not different from those of tree nuts and groundnuts. Future studies should focus on the identifications of the bioactive nutrients in tree nuts and groundnuts and mechanistic pathways behind differences in postprandial and longer-term fasting changes in FMD.

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Section: Table 2acontrasting

confidence: 53%

Effects of tree nut and groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials

2021

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“…Although a single high-fat meal did not significantly affect HMG-CoA reductase mRNA activity in mononuclear human blood cells during a 10-h postprandial period [24], which may suggest no effect on cholesterol synthesis, a study in obese subjects reported that HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels were not significantly correlated with HMG-CoA reductase activity [25]. The decrease in endogenous cholesterol synthesis may also be related to postprandial changes in insulin, which increased after consumption of all three meals [18]. Previously, plasma mevalonate levels e an intermediate in the endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis pathway e have been measured during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Participants, study design, and test meals Recruitment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the study design have already been described in detail [18]. Briefly, twenty apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men were included in this randomized, doubleblind, crossover trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary macronutrients on intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis: a randomized crossover trial

Schroor

Konings

Smeets

et al. 2021

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Background and aims: Extensive research showed a diurnal rhythm of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, whereas recent research reported no diurnal rhythm of intestinal cholesterol absorption in males who consumed low-fat meals. Little is known about the acute effect of macronutrient consumption on cholesterol metabolism, and hence if meal composition may explain this absence of rhythmicity in cholesterol absorption. Therefore, we examined the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-protein meal on postprandial intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese males. Methods and results: Eighteen males consumed in random order an isoenergetic high-fat, highcarbohydrate, and high-protein meal on three occasions. Serum total cholesterol concentrations, cholesterol absorption markers (campesterol, cholestanol, and sitosterol), and cholesterol synthesis intermediates (7-dehydrocholesterol, 7-dehydrodesmosterol, desmosterol, dihydrolanosterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, zymostenol, and zymosterol) were measured at baseline (T0) and 240 min postprandially (T240). Meal consumption did not significantly change total cholesterol concentrations and cholesterol absorption marker levels (all p > 0.05). Serum levels of 7dehydrocholesterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, zymostenol, and zymosterol decreased significantly between T0 and T240 (all p < 0.05). These decreases were not significantly different between the three meals (all p > 0.05), except for a larger decrease in dihydrolanosterol levels after the high-fat versus the high-carbohydrate meal (p Z 0.009). Conclusion:The high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-protein meal did not significantly influence postprandial intestinal cholesterol absorption. Several cholesterol synthesis intermediates decreased postprandially, but the individual macronutrients did not differentially affect these intermediates, except for a possible effect on dihydrolanosterol. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03139890.

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“…Fasting serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations were calculated using the Friedewald formula [ 13 ]. More details regarding the biochemical analyses can be found in our previous study [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men

et al. 2020

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Background: Through effects on nitric oxide bioavailability, vascular endothelial function is improved after the intake of a high amount of nitrate or L-arginine, but decreased after the intake of a high-fat meal. Therefore, we compared the effects of beetroot powder with or without L-arginine on postprandial brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) after consumption of a high-fat mixed-meal. Methods: Eighteen abdominally obese men completed this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over trial. The study consisted of five test days, each separated by a wash-out period of at least one week. Participants received in random order, a blended meal with a control or nutritional supplement consisting of beetroot powder providing 200 mg nitrate, beetroot with 0.8 g of L-arginine, beetroot with 1.5 g of L-arginine, or 3.0 g of L-arginine. Participants then fasted and 2 h postprandial FMD measurements were performed. Results: No significant differences between meals were observed for postprandial FMD (p = 0.45) levels. However, there was a non-significant trend towards a more beneficial postprandial FMD response with the beetroot-containing meals as compared with meals without beetroot. Conclusion: This trial could not provide evidence for beneficial additive effects of a single dose of beetroot powder combined with L-arginine on postprandial endothelial function in abdominally obese men.

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Dietary macronutrients do not differently affect postprandial vascular endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of tree nut and groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials

Effects of tree nut and groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials

Effect of dietary macronutrients on intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis: a randomized crossover trial

Effects of Beetroot Powder with or without L-Arginine on Postprandial Vascular Endothelial Function: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Abdominally Obese Men

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