Dietary Lipids Modulate Bone Prostaglandin E2 Production, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration and Formation Rate in Chicks ,

Abstract

This study examined the effects of dietary fat on the fatty acid composition of liver and bone, and on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in liver and bone, as well as the relationship of these factors to bone metabolism. Day-old male broiler chicks were given a semipurified diet containing one of four lipid sources: soybean oil (SBO), butter+corn oil (BC), margarine+corn oil (MAC), or menhaden oil+corn oil (MEC) at 70 g/kg of the diet. At 21 and 42 d of age, chicks fed MEC had the highest concentration of (n-3) fatty acids [20:5(n-3), 22:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3)] in polar and neutral lipids of cortical bone but the lowest amount of 20:4(n-6) in polar lipids. Diets containing t-18:1 fatty acids (MAC and BC) resulted in t18:1 accumulation in bone and liver. Bone IGF-I concentration increased from 21 to 42 d in chicks given the SBO and BC diets. Tibial periosteal bone formation rate (BFR) was higher in chicks given BC compared with those consuming SBO and MEC at 21 d. The higher BFR and concentrations of hexosamine in serum and IGF-I in cartilage, but lower 20:4(n-6) content in bone polar lipids in chicks given BC compared with those given SBO suggest that BC optimized bone formation by altering the production of bone growth factors. A second study confirmed that dietary butter fat lowered ex vivo prostaglandin E2 production and increased trabecular BFR in chick tibia. These studies showed that dietary fat altered BFR perhaps by controlling the production of local regulatory factors in bone.

The effect of omega-3 enriched meat production on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status, immune response and tibia bone characteristics in Japanese quail

“…Several studies confirmed that dietary lipids could modulate the fatty acid profile in cartilage and bone tissues in growing chicks (Watkins et al, 1997). The mechanisms by which dietary fat influences the cartilage and bone metabolism and function are not completely clear.…”

The impact of incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into eggs on ovarian follicular development, immune response, antioxidative status and tibial bone characteristics in aged laying hens

“…However, in young birds, several studies have shown that dietary n-3PUFA has a positive effect on the development, growth and modeling of long bones in growing chicks (Watkins et al, 1997) and growing Japanese quail (Liu et al, 2003), which have a direct and important role in facilitating the mineralization of bone tissues and strength of bone (Liu et al 2003). Also, it is well established that dietary lipids can modulate the fatty acid profile in cartilage and bone tissues (Watkins et al, 1997). By contrast, this study began dietary treatments at 56 weeks of age until hens were 68 weeks of age.…”

“…Numerous animal studies have shown that a higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is associated with detrimental effects on bone health, and a lower ratio is associated with healthy bone properties (Watkins et al, 1997;Liu et al, 2003). Liu et al (2003) demonstrated that, in Japanese quail, long-term supplementation of n-3PUFA was beneficial to bone biomechanical properties that are involved in bone strength.…”

Fatty acid analysis of wild ruminant tissues: evolutionary implications for reducing diet-related chronic disease

“…Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared from the tissue lipids using boron trifluoride (BF 3 ) in methanol (14%, w=w; Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA, USA) following the procedure of Watkins et al, (1997). For quantification of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, lipids extracted from tissue samples were methylated (sodium methoxide) following the method of Li and Watkins (1998).…”