Dietary Lipids Impacts on Healthy Ageing

Okuyama, Harumi; Yamada, Kazuyo; Miyazawa, Daisuke; Yasui, Yuko; Ohara, Naoki

doi:10.1007/s11745-007-3073-1

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It is postulated that dihydro-vitamin K 1 disturbs the vitamin K-dependent reactions involved in the activation of blood coagulation proteins, bone-related proteins and other matrix Gla proteins with diverse calcium-related functions (Okuyama et al, 2007). In fact, 5 genes related to vitamin K reactions were up-regulated in the canola oil group, compared with the soybean oil group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone-lowering activity of canola and hydrogenated soybean oil in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat

et al. 2010

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-Canola and some other types of oil unusually shorten the survival of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), compared with soybean oil, perilla oil and animal fats. Since differential effects of canola and soybean oil on steroid hormone metabolism were suggested by a preliminary DNA microarray analysis as a reason for this, the steroid hormone levels in the serum and tissues of SHR-SP fed different oils were investigated. The testosterone levels in the serum and the testes were found to be significantly lower in the canola oil group than in the soybean oil group, while no significant differences were detected in the corticosterone and estradiol levels in tissues. In a second experiment, it was found that hydrogenated soybean oil, with a survival-shortening activity comparable to that of canola oil, also decreased the testosterone level in testes to a similar degree. The testosterone-lowering activity of canola and hydrogenated soybean oil observed in SHRSP was considered in relation to other factors possibly affecting the physiology of SHRSP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone-lowering activity of canola and hydrogenated soybean oil in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat

et al. 2010

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“…We proposed dihydro-vitamin K 1 as one of the components responsible for the survivalshortening activity of hydrogenated soybean oil ( fig. 20 ) [48] .…”

Section: Certain Types Of Vegetable Oil Show Inhibitory Activities Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicines and Vegetable Oils as Hidden Causes of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes

Okuyama

Langsjoen²,

Ohara

et al. 2016

Pharmacology

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Background: Positive associations have been observed between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but their causal relationship has not been clarified. Nevertheless, guidelines from relevant medical societies recommend using cholesterol lowering medication (statin) for both types of patients. Medicines with several different action mechanisms have been developed, and the effectiveness of different lifestyle modifications has been studied extensively for the prevention of DM, which was successful in improving clinical marker status in relatively short-term treatments, but none have been shown to be effective in improving long-term outcomes (mortality from CVD and all causes). Summary: Statin-induced suppression of prenyl intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway has been linked to stimulated atherosclerosis and heart failure. On the other hand, certain types of vegetable oil and hydrogenated oil shortened the survival of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats by decreasing platelet number, increasing hemorrhagic tendency and damaging kidney functions, which could not be accounted for by their fatty acid and phytosterol compositions. These vegetable oils and medicines such as statin and warfarin share, in part, a common mechanism to inhibit vitamin K₂-dependent processes, which was interpreted to lead to increased onset of CVD, DM, chronic kidney disease, bone fracture and even mental disorder. Impaired vitamin K₂-dependent processes by some types of vegetable oils and medicines, but not plasma high low density lipoprotein cholesterol, were proposed as the cause of CVD, DM and other lifestyle-related diseases. High n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio of ingested foods, but not animal fats, was emphasized to be another risk factor for many of the diseases described above. Key Messages: To date, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed to prove the above interpretation. However, the opposite types of RCT trials have been performed by increasing the intake of high-linoleic vegetable oils and reducing that of animal fats, which resulted in increased CVD and all-cause mortality. The amounts of these vegetable oils to exhibit adverse effects in animal studies are not huge (<6 energy %), which should not be overlooked nor disregarded.

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“…* Fats and oils containing hydrogenated (dihydro) vitamin K1 and/or unidentified factors with similar VK2-inhibitory activities include canola oil and hydrogenated soybean oil. Olive oil, corn oil, palm oil, evening primrose oil, high-oleic safflower oil, and hydrogenated canola oil are presumed to have similar VK2-inhibitory activities because they have been found to stimulate stroke and shorten survival in stroke-prone SHR rats [108-110]. Perilla oil, linseed oil, butter, and lard are safe in this model.…”

Section: Atherosclerosis In the Absence Of Elevated Ldl-c Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017

Okuyama

Hamazaki²,

Hama³

et al. 2018

Pharmacology

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Background: The Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Consensus Panel 2017 concludes on the basis of 3 different types of clinical studies that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In Mendelian randomization studies, rare genetic mutations affecting LDL receptor function were found to cause higher or lower LDL-C levels, which are associated with correspondingly altered ASCVD risk. In prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of statins, a remarkably consistent log-linear association was demonstrated between the absolute magnitude of LDL-C exposure and ASCVD risk. The EAS Statement proposes that any mechanism of lowering plasma LDL concentration should reduce the risk of ASCVD events proportional to the absolute reduction in LDL-C and the cumulative duration of exposure to lower LDL-C. However, as we explain, we do not find this conclusion acceptable. Summary: Our review points out that different interpretations are possible for the results of Mendelian randomization studies. As for prospective cohort studies, many inconsistent reports on the association of LDL-C and ASCVD were disregarded when drafting the Statement, reports with and without genetic factors related to LDL receptor function should be analyzed separately, and the term ASCVD in the Statement is used inappropriately because myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction differ in their association with LDL-C. As for RCTs, clinical reports on statins published before and after the implementation of new regulations affecting clinical trials (2004/2005) should not both be included in meta-analyses because the evaluated efficacy of statins changed markedly, and the irreversible adverse effects of statins need to be evaluated more rigorously now that their mechanisms have been elucidated. Key Messages: Apart from the EAS hypothesis that LDL causes ASCVD, recent pharmacological/biochemical studies, as summarized in this review and elsewhere, have revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by statins taken to lower LDL-C, as well as by warfarin and some types of vegetable fats and oils, in the absence of significantly elevated LDL-C levels. Thus, the promotion of statin treatment by the Statement is rather risky and we do not feel that the conclusions are justified for the prevention of ASCVD.

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Dietary Lipids Impacts on Healthy Ageing

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Testosterone-lowering activity of canola and hydrogenated soybean oil in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat

Testosterone-lowering activity of canola and hydrogenated soybean oil in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat

Medicines and Vegetable Oils as Hidden Causes of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes

A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017

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