Dietary Lipid as a Factor Modulating Xenobiotic Metabolism in Channel Catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>)

Ankley, Gerald T.; Blazer, Vicki S.; Plakas, Steven M.; Reinert, Robert E.

doi:10.1139/f89-148

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although no effects of dietary nutrient content or ration size were observed in this study, other studies have demonstrated that both dietary nutrient content and dietary quantity may have significant effects on an animal's stress response (Barton et al, 1988;Farbridge and Leatherland, 1992) and on detoxification ability (Ankley et al, 1989, Vigano et al, 1993Blom et al, 2000). However, results of these studies have provided equivocal results to the degree of the effects and demonstrated that more research is needed in this area.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Increasing the lipid concentration (0.4, 7, 14, 21%) of diets fed to juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) resulted in a significant (3-fold) increase in hepatic EROD activity between the diets with the lowest and highest lipid content (Craig et al, 1999). Moreover, varying the nature of the lipid, polyunsaturated v. saturated and type of fatty acid, has been shown to variably increase basal EROD and GST activities in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (Ankley et al, 1989). Therefore, dietary content can affect detoxification enzyme activity in fish, although the extent of the relationship remains unclear.…”

Section: Biotransformation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Degree:Master of ~nvironmentai ToxicologyTitle of Project:The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCEI hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesislProjecff Extended EssayThe effects of diet composition and ration on biotransforrnation enzymres and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.Michelle Dayna Morrow (name) ABSTRACTNutritional quality and quantity play significant roles in the amount of energy an animal assimilates and in the distribution of that energy. Furthermore, energy is allocated in a hierarchical fashion beginning with basal metabolism and then successively to other physiological processes depending on other energetic requirements of the animal. To date, little information exists on the effects of diet and ration on the stress response and detoxification system in fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the effects of dietary composition and ration on the biotransformation and stress response systems in juvenile rainbow trout.Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one of three isoenergetic diets varying in protein (35 to 55%) and lipid content (8 to 18%), at full satiation or partial ration for 6 weeks in order to investigate the effects of diet on baseline stress parameters and biotransformation enzyme activity. Growth was highest in fish fed low protein, high lipid diets at both ration levels and was highest overall in fish fed to satiation. Stress indicators, including plasma lactate, glucose and cortisol concentrations were not significantly affected by dietary treatment or ration. Basal biotransformation enzyme activity, including glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase (EROD) activity, were also unaffected by dietary treatment. Fish exposed to the biotransformation enzyme inducer 13-napthoflavone did not exhibit an alteration in stress indicators or GST activity; however, EROD activity was increased (87 to 210-fold) in fish receiving all diets and rations demonstrating the importance of this system even under limited energy intake.The results of the present study indicate that, unlike mammals, fish may be more recalcitrant to different levels of ingestion (above maintenance ration) of isoenergetic ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Biotransformation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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show abstract

“…In the case of the PAHs and PCBs used as indicators in this study, uptake via food can be important. Differences in diets during the second and third year of the experiment may therefore have resulted in variation in the uptake of these pollutants and also, via an altered dietary lipid content, may have led to altered metabolism (27) and bioavailability of the same pollutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin and Liver Diseases Induced in Flounder (Platichthys flesus) after Long-Term Exposure to Contaminated Sediments in Large-Scale Mesocosms

Vethaak¹,

Jol²,

Meijboom³

et al. 1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and Brogan & Partners are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Environmental Health Perspectives. Disease development in flounder (Platichthysflesus) was studied over a period of 3 years in three large mesocosms (40 m x 40 m x 3 m). Two of the mesocosms contained clean sand and the third, sharing a common water circulation with one of the cean-sand mesocosms, was stocked with contaminated dredged spoil. In this way, one of the clean-sand mesocosms was indirectly polluted via the water phase, and analysis of contaminant concentrations in sediments and flounder tissues showed that it had a status intermediate between the other two. Random samples of the flounder populations from the indirectly polluted and reference mesocosms were examined every 2 months for epidermal diseases (lymphocystis, skin ulcers, fin rot) and then released. In addition, every 6 months, random samples of fish from all three mesocosms were sacrificed for histological and chemical investigation. With regard to the development of epidermal disease, the results showed little difference between the reference mesocosm and the indirectly polluted mesocosm, with the exception that lymphocystis was significantly elevated in the indirectly polluted mesocosm. Although pollution may be a risk factor in the etiology of this disease, such a relationship would probably be obscured under field conditions due to variation arising from other factors. Histopathological analysis of the livers revealed in total four cases of hepatocellular adenoma (1.5% of sampled populations) in fish from the polluted mesocosms, the first occurring after 2.5 years of exposure in fish from the indirectly polluted mesocosm. Furthermore, several other liver lesions, including foci of cellular alteration and hydropic vacuolated lesions, developed during the course of the experiment before tumor formation was apparent. Prevalences of these conditions were very much lower in the reference mesocosm than in the two polluted mesocosms. Densities of melanomacrophage centers in the liver showed a similar trend. The findings clearly indicate that long-term exposure to chemically contaminated dredged spoil can induce liver neoplasia and other liver lesions in flounder at contaminant levels comparable to those found in the natural environment.

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“…Due to the development of vaccines, antibiotics usage in EU aquaculture has decreased markedly in the past decade, as shown by monitoring studies (European Commission 2002). Even though residues are kept under control for consumer safety, they may still be able to interfere with physiologic and/or metabolic processes of farmed fish and compromise their ability to metabolize other drugs and likely toxic chemicals (Ankley et al 1989;Vaccaro et al 2003). …”

Section: Food Safety: Animal Welfare and Human Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety issues and sustainable development of European aquaculture: new tools for environmentally sound aquaculture

2005

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Sustainable and long-term growth of the aquaculture industry should involve both ecologically sound practices and appropriate resource management. The increasing economic dimension of Mediterranean aquaculture is opening new economic niches and may be a valid support to reduce the pressure of traditional fisheries. Aquaculture practices can also lead to modifications of coastal habitats through the impact of wastes of land-based and open-sea mariculture facilities. In addition to these aspects which place a direct pressure on aquatic ecosystems and wild fishery resources, a wide range of environmental contaminants, such as chemicals used in farming operations, can accumulate in farmed organisms and put fish health and quality at risk. Thus, as aquaculture makes its transition to a major food-producing sector, proper assessment and control of environmental impacts and food safety awareness are becoming increasingly important. The development of simple tools able to monitor the extent of environmental and biological impacts associated with farming operations at various levels of biological complexity from the ecosystem to the organism level is required. Although a number of techniques for assessing the environmental and biological impact of pollutants in natural ecosystems are available, the development of practical and validated tools is sorely needed in aquaculture.

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Dietary Lipid as a Factor Modulating Xenobiotic Metabolism in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Skin and Liver Diseases Induced in Flounder (Platichthys flesus) after Long-Term Exposure to Contaminated Sediments in Large-Scale Mesocosms

Safety issues and sustainable development of European aquaculture: new tools for environmentally sound aquaculture

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