Dietary interventions to prevent high-fructose diet–associated worsening of colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice

Abstract

Diet is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. High consumption of dietary fructose has been shown to exacerbate experimental colitis, an effect mediated through the gut microbiota. This study evaluated whether dietary alterations could attenuate the detrimental effects of a high fructose diet (HFrD) in experimental colitis. First, we determined whether the pro-colitic effects of a HFrD could be reversed by switching mice from a HFrD to a control diet. This diet change completely prevented HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, in association with a rapid normalization of the microbiota. Second, we tested the effects of dietary fiber, which demonstrated that psyllium was the most effective type of fiber for protecting against HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, compared to pectin, inulin or cellulose. In fact, supplemental psyllium nearly completely prevented the detrimental effects of the HFrD, an effect associated with a shift in the gut microbiota. We next determined whether the protective effects of these interventions could be extended to chronic colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model, we first demonstrated that HFrD feeding exacerbated chronic colitis and increased colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the same dietary changes tested in the acute colitis setting, we also showed that mice were protected from HFrD-mediated enhanced chronic colitis and tumorigenesis, upon either diet switching or psyllium supplementation. Taken together, these findings suggest that high consumption of fructose may enhance colon tumorigenesis associated with long-standing colitis, an effect that could be reduced by dietary alterations.

Galactooligosaccharide or 2′-Fucosyllactose Modulates Gut Microbiota and Inhibits LPS/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Prevent DSS-Induced Colitis Aggravated by a High-Fructose Diet in Mice

“…Many recent studies have found that HFrD leads to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, as shown by reduced α-diversity of gut microbiota, reduced probiotics, and enrichment of inflammation-associated bacteria. − Montrose et al verified the causative contribution of the microbiota, showing that the worsening effect of fructose on colitis disappeared when gut microbiota was drastically depleted (broad-spectrum antibiotics) or absent (germ-free), which suggested that the gut microbiota was a necessary bridge between HFrD feeding and worsening colitis . It has been observed that the pro-colitis effect of HFrD disappeared and the microbiota was normalized when fructose was removed from the diet . In our study, HFrD feeding altered the structure of the gut microbiota and significantly decreased its richness ( p < 0.01), which is consistent with previous studies. , It is well-known that FL and GOS are poorly absorbed during the gastrointestinal digestion phase, with the majority entering the colon and interplaying with gut microbiota. , Nutrient substrates for the microbiota can regulate the richness and structure of the gut microbiota .…”

“…Therefore, interventions with dietary supplements may be more effective in mitigating the harmful effects of dietary fructose. , For example, the psyllium improved HFrD-associated worsening of colitis in mice through gut microbial mediation, including a reduction in the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila enhanced by HFrD feeding. While there are few studies to discuss whether oligosaccharides could relieve high fructose-aggravated colitis …”

Supervised Machine Learning Enables Geospatial Microbial Provenance

“…Other applications include exploring the thanatomicrobiome, in determining the time elapsed since microbial death [ 56 ]. Further applications include tracking the microbiome before and after exposure to diseases like SARS COV2 [ 57 ], and determining changes in the microibial composition following dietary alterations [ 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Polyps and Cancer

“…Crohn's disease or Ulcerative colitis) increase the risk of CRC through long-standing inflammatory states [23]. Nishiguichi et al [24] found procolitic effects of a high fructose diet could be reversed by switching mice to a control diet and thereby prevented a high fructose diet-induced worsening of acute colitis likely from similar mechanisms as mentioned above. Thus, by reducing chronic inflammation of disease states such as IBD, reducing fructose in the diet could be protective against colitis-associated cancers.…”