Dietary Intakes of Seven Elements of Importance in Radiological Protection by Asian Population: Comparison With Icrp Data

Abstract

Within the framework of a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, the daily dietary intakes of seven elements by adult populations living in nine Asian countries were estimated. The countries that participated in the study were Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea (Republic of Korea, ROK), and Vietnam and together they represented more than half of the world population. The seven elements studied were calcium, cesium, iodine, potassium, strontium, thorium, and uranium. These elements have chemical and biological similarity to some of the radionuclides abundantly encountered during nuclear power production and therefore data on these elements could provide important information on their biokinetic behavior. Analyses of diet samples for these seven elements were carried out using highly sensitive and reliable analytical techniques. One thousand one hundred and sixty analytical determinations were made on two hundred and twenty samples of typical diets consumed in these countries to estimate the daily intakes of these elements by the adult Asian population. The median daily dietary intakes for the adult Asian population were found to be 0.45 g calcium, 7 microg cesium, 90 microg iodine, 1.75 g potassium, 1.65 mg strontium, 1 microg thorium, and 1 microg uranium. When compared with the intakes proposed for ICRP Reference Man by International Commission for Radiological Protection, these intakes were lower by factors of 0.41 for calcium, 0.7 for cesium, 0.45 for iodine, 0.53 for potassium, 0.87 for strontium, 0.33 for thorium, and 0.52 for uranium. The lower daily intakes of calcium, cesium, and iodine by Asian population could be due to significantly lower consumption of milk and milk products, which are rich in these elements. The significantly lower intake of calcium in most of the Asian countries may lead to higher uptake of fission nuclide 90Sr and could result in perhaps higher internal radiation dose. The use of highly sensitive and reliable analytical methods resulted in accurate and lower intake values obtained for thorium and uranium, which suggest that radiation dose from their ingestion at natural background levels is likely to be lower than what may be concluded from ICRP data.

Iodine intake by adult residents of a farming area in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, and the accuracy of estimated iodine intake calculated using the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan

“…MED of daily iodine intake was 326.8 lg for China, 85.0 for India, 246.0 for Japan, 86.98 for the Republic of Korea, 43.47 for Pakistan, 30.0 for the Philippines, and 1449 for Vietnam. The high levels in China and Vietnam may be due to the use of iodized salt [18,19]. The median intake for other Asian countries was 90 lg/day which was lower than the values in this study and in other reports on Japan [7,[15][16][17]20].…”

“…As seaweeds have high iodine content [4], Japanese people can be expected to take in more iodine than people in other countries [14][15][16][17][18]. Tsukada et al [7] reported that Japanese students' intake of iodine from FCT-based data was 339 lg/day as MED, and Imaeda et al [15] calculated iodine intake of 312 and 413 lg/day as MED for men and women, based on the FCT values.…”

“…Iyengar et al reported on the dietary intake of seven elements of importance in radiological protection by Asian populations, including iodine as one of the seven elements [18]. MED of daily iodine intake was 326.8 lg for China, 85.0 for India, 246.0 for Japan, 86.98 for the Republic of Korea, 43.47 for Pakistan, 30.0 for the Philippines, and 1449 for Vietnam.…”

Impacts of Stable Element Intake on C and I Dose Estimates - Implications for Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository

“…In between these two dates, the NCRP (1 983) quoted a value of 100 d. Since people living in the developed countries of the world tend to have more readily available access to seafood (which contains relatively high quantities of stable iodine) and routinely consume iodized salt, it may well be that separate coefficients should be developed, depending on the amount of stable iodine being consumed by the population to whom the coefficients are being applied. This is confirmed by the fact that recent studies of populations in nine Asian countries, representing more than half of the world population, showed that their average total daily intake of stable iodine was only 90 pg, 45% of the ICRP value for Reference Man (Iyengar et al 2004). In these cases, the application of the ICRP coefficient would yield a dose estimate that is less than half of the correct value.…”

Caracterização química e radiológica de refeições servidas pelo COSEAS/USP-SP

“…A determinação da ingestão de minerais traço é importante não somente para avaliar o estado nutricional, mas também para estimar parâme-tros metabólicos de captação e deposição de radionuclídeos tais como Th e 238 U no corpo humano (CHO et al, 2001;IYENGAR et al, 2004).Medidas de radionuclídeos que ocorrem naturalmente no meio ambiente podem ser usadas não somente como referên-cia, quando são avaliados lançamentos de rotina de instalações nucleares ou exposição à radiação acidental, mas também como nível de base para avaliar o impacto causado por atividades não nucleares, tal como avaliação de impacto radiológico de fertilizantes fosfatados usados na agricultura. Estima-se que o uso desses fertilizantes tem pelo menos dobrado a exposição prolongada de seres humanos a partir da ingestão de alimentos, devido ao aumento de até uma ordem de magnitude ou mais, nos níveis de concentração de radionuclídeos em alimentos (ICRP, 1999).…”