Dietary Intake, Serum Hormone Concentrations, Amenorrhea and Bone Mineral Density of Physique Athletes and Active Gym Enthusiasts

Mursu, Jaakko; Ristimäki, Maija; Malinen, Inga; Petäjä, Pirita; Isola, Ville; Ahtiainen, Juha P.; Hulmi, Juha J.

doi:10.3390/nu15020382

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Energy availability (EA) was calculated as earlier (energy intake-exercise energy expenditure)/FFM. 15 Regarding the definition of LEA in our cohort, we concluded not to apply a universal cut-off value. Although the cut-off point of 30 kcal/kg FFM/day is widely used for females, it may not apply to all individuals and may be different for males.…”

Section: Nutritional Intake and Exercisementioning

confidence: 71%

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Effects of fat loss and low energy availability on the serum cardiometabolic profile of physique athletes

Jouhki,

Sarin,

Jauhiainen

et al. 2024

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Low energy availability (LEA) is a health concern for athletes, although it may paradoxically lead to improved cardiometabolic health in the general population. We investigated the associations between LEA, body composition, and serum cardiometabolic profile in 23 physique athletes (DIET) and 21 controls (CONT) during a 5‐month pre‐competition diet (MID), followed by 1 week of increased energy availability (COMP) and a 5‐month weight regain period (POST). Quantification of 250 serum metabolome variables was conducted by NMR spectroscopy, body composition by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, dietary intake by food diaries, and exercise levels by training logs. Body fat percentage decreased from 19.5 ± 7.0% to 8.3 ± 5.3% (p < 0.001) in DIET through increased exercise levels and decreased energy intake, while CONT maintained those constant. In MID, DIET had increased (FDR < 0.01) HDL cholesterol, HDL particle size and number, and decreased (FDR < 0.05) VLDL lipids, serum triglycerides, and low‐grade inflammation (glycoprotein acetyls) compared to baseline and CONT. The changes were associated with reduced android fat mass (‐78 ± 13%) and energy intake (‐28 ± 10%). In COMP, most of the metabolic changes found in MID persisted, except for altered triglycerides in all lipoprotein classes. After weight regain in POST, serum metabolome, body composition, energy intake, and exercise levels had reverted to baseline levels. In conclusion, fat loss and LEA may have beneficial yet transient effects on the serum cardiometabolic profile of lean individuals. Especially the HDL lipidome and lipoprotein triglycerides offer potential novel biomarkers for detecting LEA in athletes.

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Section: Nutritional Intake and Exercisementioning

confidence: 71%

“…Nutritional data received from the participants was analyzed using the AivoDiet dietary analysis software (Flow Team Oy, Oulu, Finland). Energy availability (EA) was calculated as earlier (energy intake–exercise energy expenditure)/FFM 15 . Regarding the definition of LEA in our cohort, we concluded not to apply a universal cut‐off value.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of fat loss and low energy availability on the serum cardiometabolic profile of physique athletes

Jouhki,

Sarin,

Jauhiainen

et al. 2024

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Phytoestrogens and Amenorrhea in Athletes

Nisha,

Noor

2023

Indian Journal of Physical Therapy and Research

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Plants contain several different families of natural products. Phytoestrogens are one such compound that is found in variety of plant foods. On the basis of the chemical structure, phytoestrogens are classified into four major categories such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, lignans, and stilbenes. Structurally phytoestrogens are very much similar to 17 β-estradiol, so they have a tendency to exhibit estrogen-like activity, which has increased the interest of researchers to use it as a hormone replacement therapy. Nowadays, special attention is given to various isoflavonoids including genistein, diadzens, coumestrol, equol, and several prenylated flavonoids mainly, 8-prenylnaringein and stilbene resveratrol. Menstrual changes and bone density may be favorably influenced by phytoestrogens. These compounds have not only been observed to mimic the role of estrogen in humans but have also shown to exhibit effects and action in both similar and divergent manner as of the hormone. The eventual action of phytoestrogen in specific cells is determined by several factors such as the relative levels of estrogen receptors both α and β and the varied number and types of coactivators and corepressors presently existing in the cell. An increase in the consumption of herbal and natural nutritional supplements with ergogenic goals with particular regard to ecdysteroids, phytosterols, and vegetal sterols has been observed in past among the athletes which call for the need to assess the knowledge of athletes and physically active individuals about the plant-based nutritional supplements as well as its associations with amenorrhea in female athletes, their health profile, and reproductive life.

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Dietary Intake, Serum Hormone Concentrations, Amenorrhea and Bone Mineral Density of Physique Athletes and Active Gym Enthusiasts

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of fat loss and low energy availability on the serum cardiometabolic profile of physique athletes

Effects of fat loss and low energy availability on the serum cardiometabolic profile of physique athletes

Phytoestrogens and Amenorrhea in Athletes

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