Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract

Abstract

BackgroundDietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs, are important for human health. The intestinal tract, a location that is heavily colonized by microorganisms, is the main organ for absorbing fatty acids.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on the distribution of different types of fatty acids and their bioavailability along the gut. Mice were fed for a week with experimental diets containing high n-3 or high n-6 fatty acid levels. Blood was collected at different time points, and after 7 days the mice were euthanized and their digestive tract was divided into 17 segments for fatty acids analyses.ResultsWe found that supplementing n-3 fatty acids significantly changed the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, increased the bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs, and altered fatty acid distribution. In addition, in the n-3 diet group, the absorption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) along the gut was found to be inhibited, which was confirmed by feeding the mice with a diet containing deuterium-labeled palmitic acid and stearic acid.ConclusionThese results show that a diet rich in n-3 PUFAs can significantly modify the distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids, and particularly, may block the absorption of SFAs in the mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0399-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Fatty-Acid Uptake in Prostate Cancer Cells Using Dynamic Microfluidic Raman Technology

“…This suggests the inhibitory effect of the D31-PA uptake by DHA is less effective than EPA or AA, which is consistent with the invasion findings by Brown et al [30]. Similar inhibitory effects on the absorption of saturated FAs, such as PA, brought about by EPA and DHA have also been observed by Yang et al [44].…”

Dietary lipids fuel GPX4-restricted enteritis resembling Crohn’s disease

“…More specifically, acute inflammation in Gpx4 +/−IEC mice was characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the proximal small intestine ( Fig. 5d, e), the locale of PUFA and iron absorption 32,33 , as corroborated by flow cytometry of GR1 + neutrophils ( Fig. 5f) and immuno-labeling of MPO + cells ( Supplementary Fig.…”

“…We did not note colonic intestinal inflammation in PUFA WD-or AA/FM-exposed Gpx4 +/−IEC mice, suggesting that environmental cues may determine disease localization. We speculate that PUFAs and iron are specifically absorbed in the small intestine 32,33,44 , which could be one explanation for small intestinal disease localization and a requirement for GPX4 activity in the small intestine. In line with a small intestinal phenotype in mice, we specifically noted reduced epithelial GPX4 activity in active small intestinal CD.…”

Study of the Level of Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes and Serum of Patients With Colorectal Cancer in Novosibirsk

“…В настоящем исследовании выявлена тенденция к повышению уровня стеариновой кислоты С18:0 и достоверное повышение уровня арахиновой кислоты С20:0 в эритроцитах при КРР. По данным ряда исследований, в настоящее время диетические поступления мяса, животных жиров и/или насыщенных ЖК, таких как С16:0, С18:0, С20:0, значительно увеличились изза распространения западных диет [25,26]. Высокое потребление насыщенных ЖК может повышать риск развития КРР через увеличение производства желчных кислот и роста концентрации диацилглицерина [8,27].…”