Dietary Intake Following Experimentally Restricted Sleep in Adolescents

Beebe, Dean W.; Simon, Stacey L.; Summer, Suzanne; Hemmer, Stephanie; Strotman, D.; Dolan, Lawrence M.

doi:10.5665/sleep.2704

Cited by 194 publications

(159 citation statements)

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“…[6][7][8] Nevertheless, findings have been mixed for both measured hormones and food intake. [9][10][11][12] We are unaware of experimental sleep studies with school-age children to examine this pathway. This is striking, given evidence that children may be more susceptible than adults to the effects of sleep on obesity risk.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Children’s Sleep Duration on Food Intake, Weight, and Leptin

et al. 2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Epidemiologic studies have documented that children' s sleep duration is associated with obesity risk. Experimental studies with adults suggest that short sleep may lead to changes in appetite-regulating hormones and food intake, which could lead to weight gain over time. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This controlled experimental study demonstrates that compared to sleeping less, when children increase sleep, they report decreased caloric intake, have lower fasting leptin levels, and weigh less. Such changes, if maintained, could help prevent excess weight gain over time.abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of experimental changes in children' s sleep duration on self-reported food intake, food reinforcement, appetite-regulating hormones, and measured weight. METHODS:Using a within-subjects, counterbalanced, crossover design, 37 children, 8 to 11 years of age (27% overweight/obese) completed a 3-week study. Children slept their typical amount at home for 1 week and were then randomized to either increase or decrease their time in bed by 1.5 hours per night for 1 week, completing the alternate schedule on the third week. Primary outcomes were dietary intake as assessed by 24-hour dietary recalls, food reinforcement (ie, points earned for a food reward), and fasting leptin and ghrelin. The secondary outcome was child weight.RESULTS: Participants achieved a 2 hour, 21 minute difference in the actigraph defined sleep period time between the increase and decrease sleep conditions (P , .001). Compared with the decrease sleep condition, during the increase condition, children reported consuming an average of 134 kcal/day less (P , .05), and exhibited lower fasting morning leptin values (P , .05). Measured weights were 0.22 kg lower during the increase sleep than the decrease sleep condition (P , .001). There were no differences in food reinforcement or in fasting ghrelin. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with decreased sleep, increased sleep duration in school-age children resulted in lower reported food intake, lower fasting leptin levels, and lower weight. The potential role of sleep duration in pediatric obesity prevention and treatment warrants further study. Pediatrics 2013;132:e1473-e1480 Dr Hart conceptualized and designed the study, obtained funding, oversaw execution of the study, and drafted the initial manuscript; Dr Carskadon helped to design and execute the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Considine helped to design the study, analyzed blood samples, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Fava carried out data analyses and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Ms Lawton coordinated data collection, scored actigraphy data, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Raynor helped conceptualize and design the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Jelalian helped design the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Owens helped design the study and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Wing helped conceptualize and design the study and reviewed and revi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Children’s Sleep Duration on Food Intake, Weight, and Leptin

et al. 2013

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“…0.75). There was a significant race 3 sleep condition interaction for the percentage of calories derived from protein (F [1,39] To determine the source of observed macronutrient intake changes, we assessed calories consumed from the following food and drink categories during baseline and SR: 1) meat, eggs, and fish; 2) fruit, vegetables, and salad; 3) bread, cereal, plain rice, and pasta; 4) condiments (ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, peanut butter, syrup, and jelly); 5) desserts; 6) salty snacks (chips, pretzels, crackers, and popcorn); 7) caffeine-free soda and juice; and 8) milk (36). During SR, subjects consumed more calories from bread, cereal, plain rice ,and pasta (F [1,43] = 5.21, P = 0.028), condiments (F [1,43] = 7.41, P = 0.009), desserts (F [1,43] = 13.36, P = 0.001), salty snacks (F [1,43] = 8.29, P = 0.006), and caffeinefree soda and juice (F [1,43] = 14.93, P , 0.001) than during baseline (all comparisons remained significant after the false discovery rate correction).…”

Section: Macronutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and race differences in caloric intake during sleep restriction in healthy adults

Spaeth¹,

Dinges²,

Goel³

2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

103

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Background: Evidence indicates that men and African Americans may be more susceptible to weight gain resulting from sleep loss than women and whites, respectively. Increased daily caloric intake is a major behavioral mechanism that underlies the relation between sleep loss and weight gain. Objective: We sought to assess sex and race differences in caloric intake, macronutrient intake, and meal timing during sleep restriction. Design: Forty-four healthy adults aged 21-50 y (mean 6 SD: 32.7 6 8.7 y; n = 21 women, n = 16 whites) completed an in-laboratory protocol that included 2 consecutive baseline nights [10 or 12 h time in bed (TIB)/night; 2200-0800 or 2200-1000] followed by 5 consecutive sleep-restriction nights (4 h TIB/night; 0400-0800). Caloric intake and meal-timing data were collected during the 2 d after baseline sleep and the first 3 d after sleep restriction. Results: During sleep restriction, subjects increased daily caloric intake (P , 0.001) and fat intake (P = 0.024), including obtaining more calories from condiments, desserts, and salty snacks (Ps , 0.05) and consumed 532.6 6 295.6 cal during late-night hours (2200-0359). Relative to women, men consumed more daily calories during baseline and sleep restriction, exhibited a greater increase in caloric intake during sleep restriction (d = 0.62), and consumed a higher percentage of daily calories during late-night hours (d = 0.78, Ps , 0.05). African Americans and whites did not significantly differ in daily caloric intake, increased caloric intake during sleep restriction, or meal timing. However, African Americans consumed more carbohydrates, less protein, and more caffeine-free soda and juice than whites did during the study (Ps , 0.05). Conclusions: Men may be more susceptible to weight gain during sleep loss than women due to a larger increase in daily caloric intake, particularly during late-night hours. These findings are relevant to the promotion of public health awareness by highlighting nutritional risk factors and modifiable behaviors for weight gain related to sleep-wake timing. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02128737 and NCT02130791.

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“…7,8 Participants in sleep deprivation studies who slept less were more likely to report higher levels of calorie intake and lower levels of physical activity. [9][10][11] Furthermore, there is some evidence indicating that sleep duration and quality may affect energy balance and metabolism through altered levels of regulating hormones such as leptin and ghrelin. 11 Currently, the evidence linking sleep duration and quality to obesity and its related lifestyle factors is limited mostly to studies conducted among small and selected samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are sleep duration and sleep quality associated with diet quality, physical activity, and body weight status? A population-based study of Canadian children

Khan

Chu

Kirk

et al. 2015

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: To describe sleep duration and sleep characteristics, and to examine the associations between sleep duration and characteristics and body weight status, diet quality, and physical activity levels among grade 5 children in Nova Scotia. METHODS:A provincially representative sample of 5,560 grade 5 children and their parents in Nova Scotia was surveyed. Parents were asked to report their child's bedtime and wake-up time, and to indicate how often their child snored or felt sleepy during the day. Dietary intake and physical activity were selfreported by children using the Harvard Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children respectively. Body weight status was determined using measured heights and weights. Linear and logistic random effects models with children nested within schools were used to test for associations. RESULTS:Approximately half of the surveyed parents reported that their children were not getting adequate sleep at night. Longer sleep duration was statistically significantly associated with decreased risk for overweight and obesity independent of other sleep characteristics (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.91). Longer sleep duration was also associated with better diet quality and higher levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate a need for health promotion strategies to encourage adequate sleep and to promote healthy sleep environments among children. Given the links among sleep, body weight status and lifestyle behaviours, these messages should be included in public health interventions aimed at preventing obesity and promoting health among children. KEY WORDS:Sleep; diet quality; physical activity; body weight; child La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Dietary Intake Following Experimentally Restricted Sleep in Adolescents

Cited by 194 publications

References 50 publications

Changes in Children’s Sleep Duration on Food Intake, Weight, and Leptin

Changes in Children’s Sleep Duration on Food Intake, Weight, and Leptin

Sex and race differences in caloric intake during sleep restriction in healthy adults

Are sleep duration and sleep quality associated with diet quality, physical activity, and body weight status? A population-based study of Canadian children

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