Dietary intake and ghrelin and leptin changes after sleeve gastrectomy.

Abstract

IntroductionSurgical intervention in obesity is today the most effective treatment method in high level obesity management. Bariatric interventions not only ensure body weight reduction, but may influence dietary habits.AimTo assess changes in adipose hormones and dietary habits in obese patients after sleeve gastrectomy.Material and methodsThe study set comprised 37 subjects (29 females and 8 males) 24 to 68 years old with body mass index 43.0 ±4.9 kg/m2. Pre-operative examination included baseline measurements of body composition. Dietary habits and intake frequency were monitored by a questionnaire method. Follow-up examinations were carried out in a scope identical to the pre-operative examination, 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively.ResultsThe average patient weight loss 12 months after surgery was 31.7 kg. Excess weight loss was 55.2 ±20.6%. Patients reported reduced appetite (p < 0.001), increasingly regular food intake (p < 0.001), intake of more meal portions per day (p = 0.003) and a decrease in consuming the largest portions during the afternoon and evening (p = 0.030). Plasma levels of fasting glucose, leptin and ghrelin significantly decreased (p = 0.006; p = 0.0.043); in contrast, the level of adiponectin significantly increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSleeve gastrectomy and follow-up nutritional therapy resulted in a significant body weight reduction within 1 year after surgery. An improvement of certain dietary habits in patients was registered. At 12 months after surgery, there were no statistically significant differences in decreases in ghrelin and leptin concentrations between patients without changed appetite and those reporting decreased appetite.

Micronutrient and Protein Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: a 1-year Follow-up

“…We evaluated the evolution of body composition and observed that, in both surgeries, total FFM decreased until 3 months and then stabilized, whereas total FM displayed a continuous decrease during the followup. Our results are consistent with previous reports showing changes in body composition following GBP [22] or SG [36] as measured by DXA. Our results are also concordant with the only study comparing these outcomes after both sleeve and bypass [19].…”

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Attenuates Hedonic Feeding Without Impacting Alcohol Drinking in Rats

“…In support of this contention, we recently discovered that RYGB rats with reduced circulating ghrelin had diminished GHSR control of dopamine neuronal firing , suggesting that reduced plasma ghrelin may lead to reductions in central GHSR function. A significant decrease in leptin receptor mRNA expression was also observed in the hypothalamus of VSG rats, an observation in agreement with decreased circulating leptin hormone following VSG . It is important to note that leptin concentration and sensitivity closely correlate with body weight as obesity increases, whereas weight loss decreases plasma leptin levels .…”

The role of bariatric surgery and appetite-related hormones metabolism in obesity treatment: a literature review

“…Our review showed that leptin level has the tendency to decrease after different types of bariatric operations [88][89][90][91].…”

“…A number of long-term studies have shown that in RYGB and LSG operations a comparable reduction in patient body weight occurs, but the ghrelin level increases in RYGB and decreases in LSG. Therefore, the level of ghrelin does not affect weight loss [88,90,91]. Surgery-mediated modulation of brain function via modified postoperative secretion of gut peptides and vagal nerve stimulation was identified as an underlying mechanism in weight loss and improvement of weight-related diseases.…”