Objective: The relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and obesity-related parameters and inflammation has been examined in several studies but with controversial results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship in Iranian women.Results: Fat-free mass varied between DII groups, but no significant associations were observed between the DII and fat mass. Multivariable linear regression showed that fat-free mass increased by 1.5 kg in the anti-inflammatory diet group, compared to the pro-inflammatory diet group, with adjusted covariates including age, physical activity, economic and job status (β = 1.50, 95% CI 0, 3.01, p = 0.05). Furthermore, multivariable linear regression revealed lower MCP-1 serum levels in the lower DII group, with adjusted covariates including age, weight, physical activity, smoking, economic, and job status (β = -18.81, 95% CI -35.84, -1.79, p = 0.03). Anthropometric variables were not significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion : these findings suggest an inversely significant association between DII and fat-free mass level and a significant direct association between DII and serum MCP-1 levels. The results can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating to prevent inflammation and the development of non-communicable diseases among overweight and obese people.