Dietary inflammatory index and prostate cancer survival

Abstract

Systemic inflammatory status has been reported to impact survival of prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however, evidence is lacking on whether the inflammatory potential of diet can influence prognosis of PCa patients. To investigate the association between a dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PCa survival, we conducted a retrospective cohort study including 726 men with PCa originally enrolled, between 1995 and 2002, in an Italian case–control study. Information on diet and Gleason score was collected at PCa diagnosis. DII was derived from a food frequency questionnaire using a validated algorithm. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of death with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a Fine-Gray model. DII scores were not significantly associated with all-cause mortality of PCa patients (HR highest vs. lowest DII tertile = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.86–1.83). However, considerable heterogeneity emerged according to Gleason score (p < 0.01): no associations emerged among men with Gleason score 2–6 PCa; whereas, among patients with Gleason score 7–10 PCa, DII was directly associated with both all-cause and PCa-specific mortality (HR highest vs. lowest DII tertile: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.41–5.48; and 4.01; 95% CI: 1.25–12.86; respectively). Among patients with Gleason score 7–10 PCa, ten-year all-cause survival probabilities were 58% (95% CI: 47–67%) for highest and 78% (95% CI: 67–86%) for lowest DII tertile. Study findings support the hypothesis that diet, through its inflammatory potential, may influence the prognosis of patients with more aggressive PCa. Dietary interventions aimed at decreasing inflammation may be considered to improve survival of men with PCa.

Association between the dietary inflammatory index and all‐cause mortality in colorectal cancer long‐term survivors

“…In subgroup analyses, we observed stronger associations between the DII and mortality in CRC survivors who had metastases, and in individuals without a stoma. In an Italian retrospective cohort study, that investigated the relationship between DII and prostate cancer survival, no association was found in the main analyses, only in subgroup analyses where an association was found in patients with a more aggressive prostate cancer, indicated by a high Gleason score . These findings of an effect in individuals with more advanced cancer stages is in accordance with our findings of an association in survivors who reported a history of metastases.…”

Meta‐analysis of the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cancer outcomes

“…Twenty‐four articles were reviewed for full text . The summary statistics for each of these are presented in Table .…”

“…The summary statistics for each of these are presented in Table . Of those, 9 examined cancer incidence, 2 examined cancer mortality, and 13 examined odds of cancer in case–control studies . Additionally, 3 articles were published in 2014, 9 articles were published in 2015, and 12 were published in 2016 .…”

“…Of those, 9 examined cancer incidence, 2 examined cancer mortality, and 13 examined odds of cancer in case–control studies . Additionally, 3 articles were published in 2014, 9 articles were published in 2015, and 12 were published in 2016 . There were 13 studies with case–control designs, 6 were prospective cohorts, 1 was a retrospective cohort, and 2 were randomized controlled trials .…”

A prospective study of dietary patterns and cancer mortality among Blacks and Whites in the REGARDS cohort

“…A recent analysis of the large REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort identified five primary dietary patterns based on factor analysis of baseline dietary data: “Convenience,” “Plant‐based,” “Sweets/Fats,” “Southern” and “Alcohol/Salads,” and observed that participants with greater adherence to the “Southern” dietary pattern (characterized by added fat, fried food, processed meats and sugar‐sweetened beverages) were more likely to be Black, and about 56% more likely to experience incident acute coronary disease events . Several research studies have assessed the role of diet in increasing the risk of cancer mortality, especially for specific cancers such as breast, prostate and colorectal cancers; however, most of those previous studies have focused on specific dietary patterns, were limited by low sample sizes, potential recall bias or lack of racial diversity in the study cohort . If we find that specific dietary patterns at baseline increase or decrease the risk of cancer mortality in this large, prospective cohort, this information may lead to targeted interventions to reduce racial disparities in cancer mortality.…”