Dietary inflammatory index and mortality: a cohort longitudinal study in a Mediterranean area

Veronese, Nicola; Cisternino, Anna Maria; Shivappa, Nitin; Hébert, James R.; Notarnicola, Maria; Reddavide, Rosa; Inguaggiato, Rosa; Guerra, Vito; Logroscino, Antonio; Rotolo, Ornella; Chiloiro, Marisa; Leandro, Gioacchino; Leonardis, G; Tutino, Valeria; Misciagna, Giovanni; Fontana, Luigi; Caruso, Maria Gabriella

doi:10.1111/jhn.12701

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Considering that NAFLD has been associated with a systemic and hepatic proinflammatory state and that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), are increased in patients with NAFLD and NASH, 14 it should be hypothesised that an anti‐inflammatory diet could lead to an improvement in liver status. Previous studies have shown that the inflammatory potential of the diet is associated with mortality, metabolic syndrome and hepatic markers and therefore might be an important predictor of NAFLD 15–20 . Furthermore, it has been shown that the Mediterranean diet, a diet characterised by an anti‐inflammatory dietary pattern, might have a beneficial role in the onset and severity of NAFLD 21–23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that the inflammatory potential of the diet is associated with mortality, metabolic syndrome and hepatic markers and therefore might be an important predictor of NAFLD. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Furthermore, it has been shown that the Mediterranean diet, a diet characterised by an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, might have a beneficial role in the onset and severity of NAFLD. [21][22][23] However, the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), a literature-derived dietary index that was developed to predict inflammation, 24 and the LSM and CAP assessed by transient elastography has not been investigated previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Dietary Inflammatory Index and hepatic health in the US adult population

Ramírez‐Vélez

García-Hermoso

Izquierdo

et al. 2021

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Background: There is limited evidence on the role of an anti-/pro-inflammatory diet in the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed (i) to assess the anti-inflammatory diet profile and its association with transient elastography parameters, including liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and (ii) to analyse the relationship between the anti-inflammatory diet and surrogate markers of liver disease in a multiethnic US population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a nationally representative population of 4189 US adults aged 20-80 years. A FibroScan ® 502 V2 device (Echosens) was used to estimate the CAP and LSM. Liver markers, including the aspartate transaminase (AST) to alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio, fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis-4 score, were also calculated. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated using a 24-h diet recall. Results: Lower DII scores (anti-inflammatory diet) were associated with a lower AST:ALT ratio (p < 0.001) and FLI (p < 0.036) after adjusting for covariates. Linear regression analysis revealed that gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (β = 1.702, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.325-3.080, p = 0.015), ALT levels (β = −0.616, 95% CI = −1.097 to −0.135, p = 0.012), AST:ALT ratio (β = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.014-0.036, p < 0.001) and FLI (β = 1.168, 95% CI = 0.224-2.112, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with the DII in the multivariable-adjusted model. Participants in the highest anti-inflammatory tertile had the lowest odds ratio (OR) for NAFLD assessed by FLI in both unadjusted (OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.539-0.788, p ≤ 0.001) and adjusted models (OR = 0.722, 95% CI = 0.537-0.972, p = 0.032). For the transient elastography parameters (LSM and CAP), no significant associations were identified. Conclusions: There was no relationship between the transient elastography parameters and the anti-inflammatory diet profile, although our study showed an association between higher pro-inflammatory properties of diet and poorer hepatic health assessed by surrogate markers of liver disease. Therefore, strategies to promote an anti-inflammatory diet should be considered to prevent NAFLD in adults.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and hepatic health in the US adult population

Ramírez‐Vélez

García-Hermoso

Izquierdo

et al. 2021

J Human Nutrition Diet

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“…Indeed, diet rapidly and reversibly changes gut microbiota composition (73). Higher dietary inflammatory index associates with increased risk of cancer (74). In a primate model, Mediterranean diet leads to enrichment of Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira genus, and decline of Ruminococcus and Coprococcus population (75), a pattern that has also been observed in humans following a vegetarian diet versus omnivore diet (76).…”

Section: Microbiota Modulations As Adjuvant Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 94%

The Microbiome and Cancer: Creating Friendly Neighborhoods and Removing the Foes Within

Parida

Sharma

2021

Cancer Research

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The human body is colonized by the microbial cells that are estimated to be as abundant as human cells, yet their genome is roughly 100 times the human genome, providing significantly more genetic diversity. The past decade has observed an explosion of interest in examining the existence of microbiota in the human body and understanding its role in various diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, neurologic diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Many studies have demonstrated differential community composition between normal tissue and cancerous tissue, paving the way for investigations focused on deciphering the cause-and-effect relationships between specific microbes and initiation and progression of various cancers. Also, evolving are the strategies to alter tumor-associated dysbiosis and move it toward eubiosis with holistic approaches to change the entire neighborhood or to neutralize pathogenic strains. In this review, we discuss important pathogenic bacteria and the underlying mechanisms by which they affect cancer progression. We summarize key microbiota alterations observed in multiple tumor niches, their association with clinical stages, and their potential use in cancer diagnosis and management. Finally, we discuss microbiota-based therapeutic approaches.

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“…The DII ® has been validated with various inflammatory markers. A more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern has been associated with higher mortality risk [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do MAFLD Patients with Harmful Alcohol Consumption Have a Different Dietary Intake?

et al. 2022

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The term metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed to define positively fatty liver disease in the form associated with metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intake of MAFLD and explore a possible relationship between its inflammatory characteristics (assessed by Dietary Inflammatory Index—DII®), the degree of liver fibrosis (assessed by transient elastography), and the amount of alcohol intake. MAFLD patients were included (n = 161) and were classified, according to the amount of alcoholic intake, as MAFLD without alcohol intake (n = 77) and MAFLD with alcohol intake (n = 84), with 19 presenting harmful alcoholic consumption. Dietary intake was 1868 ± 415 kcal/day and did not present differences in energy or nutrient intake based on the presence of metabolic comorbidities. Patients with MAFLD and alcohol intake consumed significantly more energy and presented a tendency for higher intake of carbohydrates and sugar. Patients with harmful alcohol intake presented a higher intake of total fat and cholesterol compared with moderate alcohol intake. There were no differences in DII® based on fibrosis severity or the amount of alcohol consumption. This work contributes to the characterization of baseline dietary intake in MAFLD patients, paving the way to design more suited dietary interventional trials.

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Dietary inflammatory index and mortality: a cohort longitudinal study in a Mediterranean area

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and hepatic health in the US adult population

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and hepatic health in the US adult population

The Microbiome and Cancer: Creating Friendly Neighborhoods and Removing the Foes Within

Do MAFLD Patients with Harmful Alcohol Consumption Have a Different Dietary Intake?

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