Dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential, risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, and chronic liver disease mortality

Abstract

Background Diet modulates inflammation and insulin response and may be an important modifiable factor in the primary prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD). We developed the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores to assess the inflammatory and insulinemic potentials of diet. Objective We prospectively examined the associations of EDIP and EDIH at baseline with the following HCC risk and CLD mortality. Design We followed 485,931 individuals in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study since 1995. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results We confirmed 635 incident HCC cases and 993 CLD deaths. Participants in the highest compared to those in the lowest EDIP quartile had 1.35 times higher risk of developing HCC (95% CI: 1.08-1.70, Ptrend =0.0005), and had 1.70 times higher CLD mortality (95% CI: 1.41-2.04, Ptrend <0.0001). For the same comparison, participants with highest EDIH were at increased risk of HCC (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.20-1.95, Ptrend =0.0004), and CLD mortality (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.42-2.01, Ptrend <0.0001). Similar positive associations of scores with HCC risk and CLD mortality were observed for both women and men. Moreover, individuals in both highest EDIP and EDIH tertiles had 92% increased HCC risk (95% CI: 1.43-2.58) and had 98% increased CLD mortality (95% CI: 1.27-3.08), compared with those in both lowest tertiles. Conclusions Our findings suggest that inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are potential mechanisms linking diet to HCC development and CLD mortality.

Dietary inflammatory potential is associated with higher odds of hepatic steatosis in US adults: a cross-sectional study

“…Previous studies suggested that several factors including age, sex, race, smoking status, drinking status, marital status, BMI and diabetes could modify the associations between inflammatory dietary pattern and chronic liver diseases (16,(35)(36)(37) . Therefore, we stratified analyses according to these factors and tested the potential interactions.…”