Dietary host-associated Bacillus subtilis supplementation improves intestinal microbiota, health and disease resistance in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)

Ji, Zhehui; Zhu, Chuanzhong; Zhu, Xinyang; Ban, Sainan; Yu, Lijuan; Jian, Tian; Dong, Lixue; Wen, Hua; Lü, Xing; Jiang, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.001

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These synergistic effects not only improve feed conversion rates but also reduce feed input, thereby generating substantial economic benefits for the aquaculture industry [ 21 , 22 ]. Further evidence supports the utilization of Bacillus strains, including Bacillus strains such as B. subtilis , B. velezensis , and B. tequilensis, in hybrid groupers ( E. fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂) and Chinese perch ( Siniperca chuatsi ), corroborating the aforementioned benefits [ 23 , 24 ]. Additionally, probiotics can positively impact aquaculture water quality by consuming excess nutrients (such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and ammonia) in the rearing water, offering potential positive effects in suppressing harmful algal blooms and optimizing the aquaculture environment [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Strain-Specific Benefits of Bacillus on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper

Han,

Shi,

Cui

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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In the dynamic field of intensive aquaculture, the strategic application of probiotics has become increasingly crucial, particularly for enhancing resistance to environmental stressors such as ammonia-nitrogen. Over a 42-day period, this study investigated the effects of different probiotic strains—Bacillus subtilis (BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40)—on the health and resilience of hybrid groupers. Each strain, distinct in its origin, was assessed for its influence on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune gene expressions, and ammonia-nitrogen stress response in the hybrid grouper. The experimental design included a control group and three experimental groups, each supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/g of the respective probiotic strains, respectively. Our results demonstrated notable differences in growth parameters, including final body weight (FBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The 6-3-1 strain, originating from grouper, exhibited significant improvements in growth, oxidative capacity, and intestinal health. Conversely, the BS strain achieved the highest survival rates under ammonia-nitrogen stress, indicating its superior ability to regulate inflammatory responses despite its less pronounced growth-promoting effects. The HAINUP40 strain was distinguished for its growth enhancement and improvements in intestinal health, though it also showed significant activation of inflammatory genes and decreased resistance to ammonia-nitrogen stress after extended feeding. The uniqueness of this study lies in its detailed examination of the strain-specific effects of probiotics on fish in the context of ammonia-nitrogen stress, a significant challenge in contemporary aquaculture. The research revealed that host-derived probiotics, particularly the 6-3-1 strain, provided more comprehensive benefits for growth performance and stress resilience. In contrast, the BS and HAINUP40 strains exhibited varying efficiencies, with BS excelling in stress resistance and HAINUP40 promoting growth and gut health. In conclusion, this study underscores the complex roles of different probiotic strains in aquaculture, contributing to the understanding of probiotic applications and presenting new approaches to address the challenges of intensive farming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that the inclusion of probiotics such as B. subtilis [ 24 ], B. amyloliquefaciens [ 60 ], and Lactobacillus [ 43 ] in diets could significantly enhance the host’s resistance to pathogens. However, research on probiotics’ role in stress resistance remains relatively limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Specific Benefits of Bacillus on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper

Han,

Shi,

Cui

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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“…In our study, we observed a significant reduction in serum AST and ALT levels in fish groups receiving B. subtilis probiotics compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, B. subtilis strain GPSAK9 and 1-C-7 significantly reduced the AST and ALT levels in liver of hybrid grouper and serum of Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi), respectively [43]. These results suggested a positive impact of B. subtilis strains on the liver health of hybrid grouper [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The growth-promoting effects of B. subtilis strains have been have demonstrated in numerous finfishes including Nile tilapia (O. niloticus), tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) [42][43][44][45][46][47]. Particularly, two separate studies on hybrid groupers showed that fish fed B. subtilis strain GPSAK9 and strain 7K showed significantly improved fish growth in comparison to those fed the basal diet [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Specific Benefits of Bacillus Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and Vibrio harveyi Resistance

Han,

Song,

Cui

et al. 2024

Animals

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In the realm of modern aquaculture, the utilization of probiotics has gained prominence, primarily due to their ability to enhance growth, boost immunity, and prevent diseases in aquatic species. This study primarily investigates the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis strains, both host-derived and from other sources, in influencing fish growth, immunity, lipid metabolism, and disease resistance. Employing a 42-day feeding trial, we divided hybrid grouper into four distinct groups: a control group on a basal diet and three experimental groups supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/g of different Bacillus subtilis strains-BS, 6-3-1, and HAINUP40. Remarkably, the study demonstrated that the 6-3-1 and HAINUP40 groups exhibited significant enhancements across key growth parameters: final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency ratio (FER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The investigation into lipid metabolism revealed that the 6-3-1 strain upregulated seven metabolism-related genes, HAINUP40 affected four metabolism-related genes, and the BS strain influenced two metabolism-related genes, indicating diverse metabolic impacts by different strains. Further, a notable reduction in liver enzymes AST and ALT was observed across all supplemented groups, implying improved liver health. Noteworthy was the BS strain’s superior antioxidative capabilities, positively affecting all four measured parameters (CAT, GSH-Px, MDA). In the sphere of immune-related gene expression, the BS strain significantly decreased the expression of both inflammation and apoptosis-related genes, whereas the HAINUP40 strain demonstrated an upregulation in these genes. The challenge test results were particularly telling, showcasing improved survival rates against Vibrio harveyi infection in the BS and 6-3-1 groups, unlike the HAINUP40 group. These outcomes highlight the strain-specific nature of probiotics and their varying mechanisms of action within the host. In conclusion, this study reveals that probiotic strains, varying by source, demonstrate unique, strain-specific effects in promoting growth and modulating immunity in hybrid grouper. This research highlights the promise of tailored probiotic applications in improving aquaculture practices. Such advancements contribute to more sustainable and efficient fish farming methods.

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“…It has been found that the diversity and homogeneity of intestinal microbiota can be improved by feeding probiotics [73]. It should be noted that there have been experiments in which the homogeneity of intestinal microbiota was significantly reduced after the addition of Bacillus to the feed [74]. The diversity of microflora in fish is an indicator of growth development, but an index of diversity that is too high or too low will have a negative impact on fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Guan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Aquaculture Nutrition

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To exploit aquatic animals’ feed resources and functional ingredients and additives, this experiment investigated the effects (a 2 × 2 factorial trial) and mechanism of woody plants and probiotics on Nile tilapia. Each treatment group was randomly assigned triplicate nets of 40 fish (initial body weight of 35.04 ± 0.01 g) in 12 tanks for 56 days. Fish were fed four diets, including a CON–CON diet (with no supplementation) and CON–Ba (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/g B. amyloliquefaciens), MO-CON (basal diet + 10% Moringa oleifera) and MO-Ba (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/g B. amyloliquefaciens + 10% Moringa oleifera) until apparent satiation (2 meals/day). The results showed that the MO diet had a lower feed conversion ratio than the non-MO diets (P<0.05). The weight gain in the Ba group was significantly higher than those in the groups without Ba treatment (P<0.05). Both MO and Ba improved the morphological indices when applied individually (P<0.05). Ba supplementation improved the activities of digestive enzymes (P<0.05). MO significantly upregulated the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and C3 in the spleen of Nile tilapia (P<0.05), while Ba significantly upregulated the gene expression of IL-6 and C3 (P<0.05). The microbiological analyses showed that the abundances of beneficial bacteria increased, and the relative abundances of pathogenic bacteria decreased in fish-fed MO. In conclusion, dietary MO and Ba can effectively improve the immunity of Nile tilapia, while Ba can enhance the activities of digestive enzymes. The synergistic effect of MO and Ba on the intestinal microbiota of Nile tilapia promotes growth, thus showing promising application prospects.

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Dietary host-associated Bacillus subtilis supplementation improves intestinal microbiota, health and disease resistance in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Strain-Specific Benefits of Bacillus on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper

Strain-Specific Benefits of Bacillus on Growth, Intestinal Health, Immune Modulation, and Ammonia-Nitrogen Stress Resilience in Hybrid Grouper

Strain-Specific Benefits of Bacillus Probiotics in Hybrid Grouper: Growth Enhancement, Metabolic Health, Immune Modulation, and Vibrio harveyi Resistance

Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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