Dietary high protein and vitamin C mitigates endosulfan toxicity in the spotted murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793)

Sarma, Kamal; Pal, A. K.; Sahu, Narottam Prasad; Ayyappan, S.; Baruah, Kartik

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.031

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Skeletal muscle has high energy demands, and to fulfill this demand, the activity of the gluconeogenic substrate-providing enzyme, ALT, must have been increased. Our observation also agrees with Sarma et al (2009), who reported no variation in the liver but decreased LDH in the muscle of fish exposed for 90 days to a similar dose of endosulfan as used in this study. They also found variations in anaerobic metabolism governed by nutritional status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, methyl donors protect ATPase activity. Similar protective effects of vitamin C, high protein (Sarma et al 2009), and pyridoxine (Akhtar et al 2010) were noticed in sublethal endosulfan toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In another study on sublethal chlorine exposure, while liver and muscle ALT activity on the 14th day at 26°C was unaffected, AST activity was decreased and on 21st day both ALT and AST were decreased (Verma et al 2007). Sarma et al (2009) reported unaffected liver AST but decreased muscle AST and liver AST and ALT in fish exposed to a similar dose of endosulfan, the effect which could be prevented by high protein or vitamin C feeding. Thus influence on transaminases providing gluconeogenic substrates is the sum total of overall metabolic energetic demand and environment, and fish attempts to supply that by modulating enzymatic activities and micronutrient content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Muthappa

Gupta

Yengkokpam

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different lipotropes in modulating immunity and biochemical plasticity under conditions of sublethal low-dose pesticide-induced stress in fish. Labeo rohita fish fingerlings were divided in two sets with one set of fish continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan (1/10th of 96-h LC 50 ) for 21 days, the other was unexposed, and both sets of fish were fed with practical diets supplemented with either 2 % lecithin, 0.5 % betaine, or 0.1 % choline and compared against unsupplemented diet. Low-dose endosulfan exposure had adverse effects (P<0.05/P<0.01) on hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), serum protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), anti-oxidative status (ascorbic acid content of muscle, liver, brain, and kidney and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes: catalase and superoxide dismutase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and brain), immunological attributes (WBC count, albumin to globulin ratio, phagocytic activity, and serum cortisol), and metabolic plasticity as revealed from enzyme activities (muscle lactate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase-G6PDH activity). Dietary lipotropes prevented these effects completely or partially and the effects were lipotrope dependent. Kinetics (maximum velocity value V max , catalytic efficiency and Michaelis constant K m ) of G6PDH enzyme from crude extracts of liver and kidney indicated inhibition due to endosulfan but lipotropes could protect enzyme and showed a stabilizing effect. The supplements also helped maintain integrity of histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes in endosulfan-exposed fish to a great extent. Feeding lipotropes to fish reared in endosulfan-free water also improved hematological and serum protein and lipid profiles and were immunostimulatory. In conclusion, dietary lipotropes, especially betaine and lecithin at the levels used, improve erythropoiesis, serum protein and lipid profile, anti-oxidant status, immunocompetence, neurotransmission, and protect the livers of L. rohita fingerlings even when continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Muthappa

Gupta

Yengkokpam

et al. 2014

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…The reduction in the ascorbic acid level might be due to high rate of utilization of vitamin C at higher salinity. Reduction of vitamin C in fish due to different pesticides has been reported in many fish Kaviraj 2003, 2009;Sarma et al 2010b;Sarma et al 2009). Madhuban and Kaviraj (2009) opined that depletion of ascorbic acid is probably a defensive reaction of fish to combat stress, which thus enhances the requirement of ascorbic acid during stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Response of a freshwater air-breathing fish, Clarias batrachus to salinity stress: an experimental case for their farming in brackishwater areas in Andaman, India

et al. 2012

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The study was conducted to assess the effects of salinity on growth and biochemical composition of freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. A static nonrenewable acute toxicity bioassay test was conducted and LC 50 of salinity for 96-h exposure to the fingerling (14.5 cm) was 12.52 %. Based on these results, two sublethal salinity levels, viz. 4 and 8 % were selected to study the long-term effects of salinity on C. batrachus for a period of 90 days. From the study, it was found that growth and survival rate were less in saline water (4 and 8 %). Maximum growth and survival were recorded in freshwater (0 % salinity) and subsequently at 4 and 8 %. To assess the biochemical alteration, few important biomarkers were estimated. At the end of 90 days rearing period, glucose level in the brain and blood of C. batrachus was found to decrease with salinity. The level of liver and muscle glycogen in the fish reared at 4 % was lower than that of control. Ascorbic acid in all organs under study was found to decrease with increasing salinity, which was attributed to stress mitigation effect of vitamin C. Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity recorded a gradual decrease with increasing salinity. Metabolic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and adenosine triphosphosphtase (ATPase) activity also reduced both in liver and muscle tissues with increasing salinity. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that exposure to higher salinity significantly (P \ 0.01) affects the growth and physiological response of Clarias batrachus.

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“…Its exposure, even at sub-lethal doses, can cause behavioral and biochemical changes in fish, and hence death (Shafiq-ur-2006). Several authors have demonstrated that endosulfan causes reduction in the growth performance and survival of different tropical fish species (Petri et al 2006;Sarma et al 2009;Beyger et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to agricultural pesticides impairs growth, feed utilization and energy budget in African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings

et al. 2014

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The African catfish Clarias gariepinus is a widespread species in the Beninese cotton basin. In this study, the impacts of exposure to agricultural pesticides endosulfan [Thionex 350 EC (emulsifiable concentrate)] and Tihan 175 O-TEQ (oil toxicity equivalent) on growth, feed utilization and energy budget of C. gariepinus were investigated. Fingerlings (1.58 ± 0.02 g) were exposed to borehole water (control), 0.23 ppb (environmental concentration), 440 ppb (Lethal Concentration 50 %/20, LC50/20) and 880 ppb (LC50/10) of Tihan; and to 11 ppb (LC50/20), 22 ppb (LC50/10) and 29.40 ppb (environmental concentration) of Thionex for 28 days. Fish biomass was assessed weekly and fish samples were taken from different aquaria to determine the specific growth rate (effect on growth), feed efficiency rate and protein efficiency ratio (impact on feed utilization), and the biochemical composition of fish (impact on the energy budget). The results showed that endosulfan environmental concentration induced 100 % of mortality in catfish fingerlings while mortality rate was comparable between control fish and Tihan-treated fish over the 28-day period (p [ 0.05). In contrast to survival, the two pesticide types tested induced a marked decrease in growth only during the first 2 weeks of exposure (p \ 0.05). The negative impact of endosulfan on growth was associated to a lower feed utilization and protein efficiency compared with control fish or those exposed to Tihan (p \ 0.05). The energy reserves were more rapidly exhausted in fish exposed to endosulfan to meet energy demand generated by this chemical stressor.

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Dietary high protein and vitamin C mitigates endosulfan toxicity in the spotted murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793)

Cited by 60 publications

References 41 publications

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress

Response of a freshwater air-breathing fish, Clarias batrachus to salinity stress: an experimental case for their farming in brackishwater areas in Andaman, India

Exposure to agricultural pesticides impairs growth, feed utilization and energy budget in African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings

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