Dietary Hesperidin Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Male Mice

Abstract

Depressive disorders are partially attributed to chronic inflammation associated with the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. Recent evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory agents may reduce the risk of depression. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential of the citrus flavonoid hesperidin, which exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, in suppressing the Trp-Kyn pathway in the brain, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation mouse model. Dietary hesperidin was found to suppress activation of the Trp-Kyn pathway in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, it reduced systemic LPS-induced signs of illness, such as low skin temperature and enhanced leukocyte count in the blood. However, dietary supplementation with hesperidin did not improve body weight loss, food intake, water intake, or splenic increases in leukocyte numbers in the LPS model. Collectively, the results suggest that dietary hesperidin can partially regulate central and peripheral events linked to inflammation in LPS mouse models.

Saffron extract interferes with lipopolysaccharide-induced brain activation of the kynurenine pathway and impairment of monoamine neurotransmission in mice

“…The lack of significant induction of KYN enzymes in the HPC may seem unexpected, but it actually fits with previous data reporting earlier peaks of expression, as well as different temporal expression patterns depending on the brain areas ( 62 , 68 ). Besides, several studies have confirmed that the increase in levels of KYN and its derivatives measured in the FCx and STR 24 h post-LPS was also significant in the HPC ( 13 , 63 , 68 , 85 ). Here, we showed that pretreatment with SE blunted the LPS-induced increase in expression of GTPCH1 in the STR and KYN enzymes in the FCx and STR.…”

The Palliative and Antioxidant Effects of Hesperidin against Lead-Acetate-Induced Testicular Injury in Male Wistar Rats

“…Among heavy metals, exposure of humans and experimental animals to lead (Pb 2+ ) resulted in lowered semen and sperm quality, inhibition of steroidogenesis in Leydig cells due to high levels of ROS, as well as changes in hormonal synthesis and regulation [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 84 , 85 ]. Hesperidin (HSD) is a natural antioxidant that has a wide range of pharmacological effects [ 62 , 63 ]. It has been suggested that HSD can counteract the molecular changes and toxicities brought on by toxic heavy metals via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects [ 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ].…”

“…Hesperidin (HSD; 3′,5,7-trihydroxy 4′-methoxyflavanone 7-rutinoside, hesperetin 7-rutinoside) is a flavanone glycoside found abundantly in citrus fruits (family Rutaceae ) [ 57 , 58 ] and is a prominent natural antioxidant known for its ability to reduce OS [ 59 , 60 ]. Moreover, numerous pharmacological activities of HSD have been reported, including, among others, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial activities [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Notably, the pharmacological applications of HSD relied on its various advantages, including high safety profile, non-accumulative nature, and few adverse effects [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Chemical, Nutritional and Biological Evaluation of a Sustainable and Scalable Complex of Phytochemicals from Bergamot By-Products

“…Hesperidin derivatives have potent anti-inflammatory activity, as demonstrated in several animal models, as well as in humans [ 24 ]. The absence of an ortho- or para-diphenol moiety suggests that these compounds are ineffective in Nrf2 activation, while other molecular mechanisms explaining the anti-inflammatory activity have been proposed, including a strong inhibition of MAP kinases and expression of p-ERK and p38, thus reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines [ 25 , 26 ].…”