Dietary habits and metabolic response improve in obese children whose mothers received an intervention to promote healthy eating: Randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Background: Lifestyles habits such as eating unhealthy foodscommence at home and are associated with the development of obesity and comorbidities such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and chronic degenerative diseases, which are the main causes of death in adults.The present study compared changes in dietary habits, behaviors and metabolic profiles of obese children whose mothers attended at the hospital to group sessions, with those who received the usual nutritional consultation. Methods: Randomized clinical trial, 177 mother/obese child pairs participated, 90 in the intervention group and 87 in the control group. The intervention group attended six group education sessions to promote healthy eating, being this an alternative of change of habits in children with obesity. The control group received the usual nutritional consultation; both groups were followed up for three months. Frequency of food consumption, behaviors during feeding in the house and metabolic profile was evaluated. Mixed effect linear regression models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the variables of interest, especially in HOMA-IR. Results: The intervention group reduced the filling of their dishes (p = 0.009), forcing the children to finish meals (p = 0.003) and food substitution (p < 0.001), moreover increased the consumption of roasted foods (p = 0.046), fruits (p = 0.002) and vegetables (p < 0.001). The children in the control group slightly increased HOMA-IR levels (0.51; 95% CI -0.48 to 1.50), while the children in the intervention group significantly decreased (-1.22; 95% CI -2.28 to -1.16). The difference in HOMA-IR between the control and intervention group at the end of the follow-up was -1.67; 95% CI: -3.11 to -0.24. Conclusions: The educational intervention improved some eating habits at home, as well as HOMA-IR levels; why we consider that it can be an extra resource in the management of childhood obesity. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04374292 (Date assigned: May 5, 2020). Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04374292