Dietary glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrates on the risk of primary liver cancer among Chinese women and men

Vogtmann, Emily; Li, H.L.; Shu, Xiao Ou; Chow, Wong Ho; Ji, Bu Tian; Cai, Hui; Gao, Jing; Zhang, W.; Gao, Yu‐Tang; Wang, Zheng; Xiang, Yong‐Bing

doi:10.1093/annonc/mds287

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…To date, few epidemiological studies have investigated the role of diet in hepatocarcinogenesis (HCG) (23) and most have focused on individual dietary components and nutrients, such as sugar, (24)(25)(26) n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, (27,28) and red and processed meats, (29,30) with inconsistent results. Compared with evaluation of the effects of a single nutrient or food, research on dietary pattern considers the entire diet and thus captures the complex interaction between dietary components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among U.S. Men and Women

Yang

Simon

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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Although adherence to healthy dietary guidelines has been associated with a reduced risk of several health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers, little is known about the role of dietary patterns in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We prospectively assessed the associations of three key commonly used a priori dietary patterns—the Alternative Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (AHEI‐2010), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)—with risk of incident HCC in the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), two large prospective cohort studies. Diet was assessed almost every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. During up to 32 years of follow‐up, 160 incident HCC cases were identified. After adjustment for most HCC risk factors, participants in the highest tertile of Alternative Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (AHEI‐2010) had a multivariable HR of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.39‐0.95; Ptrend = 0.03), compared with those in the lowest tertile. There was a suggestive, but nonsignificant, inverse association for Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED; HR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.49‐1.15; Ptrend = 0.18) and a null association for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH; HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.59‐1.36; Ptrend = 0.61) in relation to the risk of HCC development. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that better adherence to the AHEI‐2010 may decrease the risk of developing HCC among U.S. adults. Future studies are needed to replicate our results, examine these associations in other populations, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among U.S. Men and Women

Yang

Simon

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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“… 30 Finally, the association of sugar/sweeteners with cancer mortality might be mediated by obesity and diabetes. 31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologic Correlations of Selected Food Groups With Disease Incidence and Mortality in Switzerland

Besson¹,

Paccaud²,

Marques‐Vidal³

2013

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundThere is little information regarding the impact of diet on disease incidence and mortality in Switzerland. We assessed ecologic correlations between food availability and disease.MethodsIn this ecologic study for the period 1970–2009, food availability was measured using the food balance sheets of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were obtained from the Swiss Federal Office of Statistics. Cancer incidence data were obtained from the World Health Organization Health For All database and the Vaud Cancer Registry. Associations between food availability and mortality/incidence were assessed at lags 0, 5, 10, and 15 years by multivariate regression adjusted for total caloric intake.ResultsAlcoholic beverages and fruit availability were positively associated, and fish availability was inversely associated, with SMRs for cardiovascular diseases. Animal products, meat, and animal fats were positively associated with the SMR for ischemic heart disease only. For cancer, the results of analysis using SMRs and incidence rates were contradictory. Alcoholic beverages and fruits were positively associated with SMRs for all cancer but inversely associated with all-cancer incidence rates. Similar findings were obtained for all other foods except vegetables, which were weakly inversely associated with SMRs and incidence rates. Use of a 15-year lag reversed the associations with animal and vegetal products, weakened the association with alcohol and fruits, and strengthened the association with fish.ConclusionsEcologic associations between food availability and disease vary considerably on the basis of whether mortality or incidence rates are used in the analysis. Great care is thus necessary when interpreting our results.

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“…Therefore, we brought these estimates into meta-analysis. The results of pooled analysis indicated that there was no evidence of an association between dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk Eighteen groups of data from fourteen studies were incorporated into dose-response analyses on dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of digestive system cancers (17,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) . The summary RR was 0•99 (95 % CI 0•97, 1•00) with 50 g/d increase in carbohydrate intake for cohort studies and the summary OR was 0•95 (95 % CI 0•91, 1•00) for case-control studies.…”

Section: Dietary Carbohydrate Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-three groups of data from seventeen studies were incorporated into dose-response analyses on GI and the risk of digestive system cancers (17,19,21,23,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55) . The summary RR was 1•003 (95 % CI 1•000, 1•012) for every 10-unit increase in GI for cohort studies and the summary OR was 1•09 (95 % CI 1•06, 1•11) for case-control studies.…”

Section: Glycaemic Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S8 and S9). Twenty-seven groups of data from twenty-one studies were incorporated into dose-response analyses on GL and the risk of digestive system cancers (21,23,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)54,55) . There was no evidence of statistical relationship between digestive system cancers and every 50-unit increase in GL (summary RR = 0•95, 95 % CI 0•96, 1•00 for cohort studies; summary OR = 1•00, 95 % CI 0•97, 1•03 for case-control studies).…”

Section: Glycaemic Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and digestive system cancers: an updated dose–response meta-analysis

Cai

Tang

et al. 2019

Br J Nutr

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Several studies analysed the associations between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) and digestive system cancers; however, the results remain controversial. This study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the quantitative and dose–response associations between carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and risk of digestive system cancers. We searched medical and biological databases up to June 2018 and identified twenty-six cohort studies and eighteen case–control studies. Meta-analytic fixed or random effects models were applied to process data. We also performed dose–response analysis, meta-regression and subgroup analyses. We found that high levels of GI were significantly associated with the risk of digestive system cancers at the highest compared with the lowest categories from cohort studies (summary relative risk (RR)=1·10, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·15). Similar effects were observed from case–control studies of the comparison between the extreme categories, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (summary OR=1·28, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·69). We also observed significant dose–response association between GI and digestive system cancers, with every 10-unit increase in GI (summary RR=1·003; 95 % CI 1·000, 1·012 for cohort studies; summary OR=1·09; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·11 for case–control studies). In addition, both cohort studies and case–control studies indicated that neither dietary carbohydrate intake nor GL bore any statistical relationship to digestive system cancers from the results of the highest compared with the lowest categories analyses and dose–response analyses. The results suggest a moderate association between high-GI diets and the risk of digestive system cancers.

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Dietary glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrates on the risk of primary liver cancer among Chinese women and men

Abstract: There is little evidence that dietary GI, GL, or carbohydrates affect the incidence of liver cancer in this Asian population.

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among U.S. Men and Women

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among U.S. Men and Women

Ecologic Correlations of Selected Food Groups With Disease Incidence and Mortality in Switzerland

Dietary carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and digestive system cancers: an updated dose–response meta-analysis

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