Dietary Glycemic Load and Index and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Large Italian Cohort

Abstract

In this Italian cohort, high dietary GL and carbohydrate intake from high-GI foods increase the overall risk of CHD in women but not men.

Carbohydrate substitution for fat or protein and risk of type 2 diabetes in male smokers

“…To our knowledge, no previous studies have separately reported the associations of low-, medium-or high-GI carbohydrate intake and type 2 diabetes risk, while recently analyses on risk of coronary heart disease have been published. 21,22 The main contributor foods of low-GI carbohydrates were milk and fruits, vegetables and legumes, of medium-GI carbohydrates added sugar and sugary foods and of high-GI carbohydrates wheat bread and bakeries, rye bread and potatoes. 20 The inverse association between medium-GI carbohydrate intake and diabetes risk is in keeping with the findings from some previous cohort studies, suggesting inverse association between sugar intake and diabetes risk.…”

Macronutrients and type 1 diabetes (revision number 6)

“…Of the two cohort studies identified in the update search, one indicates higher carbohydrate intake as g/day is associated with a higher incidence of coronary events in men, but not in women (Burger et al, 2011). The other study indicates higher incidence of coronary events in women, but not men, with higher carbohydrate intake as g/day (Sieri et al, 2010).…”

“…The exposure measures used in the studies were not sufficiently comparable to enable a meta-analysis to be performed. Two cohort studies were subsequently identified in the update search (Sieri et al, 2010;Burger et al, 2011) (Cardio-metabolic review, cardiovascular disease chapter p 31-32; Update search table 6).…”

“…Due to variation in the exposures reported and the lack of age-adjustment in one cohort study (Fehily et al, 1993), there were too few studies to undertake a meta-analysis. Three cohort studies were subsequently identified in the update search (Sieri et al, 2010;Burger et al, 2011;Wallstrom et al, 2012) (Cardiometabolic review, cardiovascular disease chapter p 36; Update search table 11).…”

“…Four cohort studies were identified that presented evidence on GI and coronary event incidence, all of which were included in a meta-analysis (Van Dam et al, 2000;Beulens et al, 2007;Levitan et al, 2007;Kaushik et al, 2009). Five cohort studies were subsequently identified in the update search (Levitan et al, 2010;Sieri et al, 2010;Hardy et al, 2010;Grau et al, 2011;Burger et al, 2011), one of which was a pooled analysis of four Danish cohort studies (Grau et al, 2011) (Cardio-metabolic review, cardiovascular disease chapter p 162-169; Update search table 37).…”