Dietary GABA induces endogenous synthesis of a novel imidazole peptide homocarnosine in mouse skeletal muscles

Kumrungsee, Thanutchaporn; Arima, Takeshi; Sato, Kanako; Komaru, Takumi; Sato, Marc; Oishi, Yasuyuki; Egusa, Ai

doi:10.1007/s00726-020-02848-x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One hypothesis is that GABA-T hydrolyzes dietary or exogenous GABA and prevents the entry of peripheral GABA into the brain. To support this hypothesis, a previous study demonstrated that 2% GABA mixed in the diet (20 g GABA/kg diet) did not increase blood GABA levels, and even at a high dose (5% GABA), it could increase blood GABA levels to only +2% of the control group 35 . Although it seems likely that peripheral GABA is highly hydrolyzed in the liver, many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of low doses of GABA derived from diet or gut bacteria.…”

Section: Gaba Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut–brain axis

Braga,

Thongngam,

Kumrungsee

2024

npj Sci Food

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Imbalances of this neurotransmitter are associated with neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and stress. Since GABA has long been believed to not cross the blood–brain barrier, the effects of circulating GABA on the brain are neglected. However, emerging evidence has demonstrated that changes in both circulating and brain levels of GABA are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and that changes in GABA levels and microbiota composition play a role in modulating mental health. This recent research has raised the possibility that GABA may be a potent mediator of the gut–brain axis. This review article will cover up-to-date information about GABA-producing microorganisms isolated from human gut and food sources, explanation why those microorganisms produce GABA, food factors inducing gut–GABA production, evidence suggesting GABA as a mediator linking between gut microbiota and mental health, including anxiety, depression, stress, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and novel information regarding homocarnosine-a predominant brain peptide that is a putative downstream mediator of GABA in regulating brain functions. This review will help us to understand how the gut microbiota and GABA-homocarnosine metabolism play a significant role in brain functions. Nonetheless, it could support further research on the use of GABA production-inducing microorganisms and food factors as agents to treat neurological and psychological disorders.

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Section: Gaba Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut–brain axis

Braga,

Thongngam,

Kumrungsee

2024

npj Sci Food

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“…Mice in the AD + GABA and WT + GABA groups were given distilled water containing GABA, while mice in the AD and WT groups were given distilled water only. According to the literature, 17,18 we selected 2 mg mL −1 of GABA as an optimized dose in this study. The mice were housed for six months under a 12:12 h light-dark cycle, and given access to food and water ad libitum.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid against AD: the role of CEBPα/circAPLP2/miR-671-5p in regulating CNTN1/2 expression

et al. 2023

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“…High levels of homocarnosine, on the other hand, may result in high levels of its breakdown products, caminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. Histidine is rapidly turned into histamine and leading to enhanced both renal insufficiency and nerve activity ( Kumrungsee et al 2020).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Homocarnosine In Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Histidine-Dipeptides in Relation to Diabetes and Obesity

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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Diabetes is a serious public health concern, and innovative, low-cost therapies to prevent or slow disease development are needed. Obesity is a globally epidemic disease threatening public health concerns and increasing the incidence of other diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Diabetes and obesity are related mostly to each other as they share common pathophysiological processes and lead to the same sequences, so changing the lifestyle are mandatory. The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates leads to reactive carbonyl molecules. Also, advanced glycoxidation/lipoxidation end products (AGEs/ALEs) are formed, leading to cellular dysfunction. As a result, agents can detoxify these harmful molecules by creating unharmful molecules and reversing the glycated protein are needed. Histidine-containing dipeptides (HDPs) are proven through different studies to be one of these agents. HDPs are found in mammals, amphibians, and fish, with a wide range of ratios and concentrations. Anserine, L-carnosine, and homocarnosine are related dipeptides produced by vertebrate muscles. Carnosine and anserine can form unharmful molecules, which may alleviate some of the metabolic dysregulation seen in diabetes and obesity. Homocarnosine has shown anti-inflammatory characteristics, DNA damage, and AGEs inhibition. This review gives attention to the protective effects of histidine-dipeptides against diabetes and obesity.

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Dietary GABA induces endogenous synthesis of a novel imidazole peptide homocarnosine in mouse skeletal muscles

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut–brain axis

Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut–brain axis

The molecular mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid against AD: the role of CEBPα/circAPLP2/miR-671-5p in regulating CNTN1/2 expression

Histidine-Dipeptides in Relation to Diabetes and Obesity

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