Dietary format alters fecal bacterial populations in the domestic cat (<i><scp>F</scp>elis catus</i>)

Bermingham, Emma N.; Young, Wayne; Kittelmann, Sandra; Kerr, Katherine R.; Swanson, Kelly S.; Roy, Nicole C.; Thomas, David G.

doi:10.1002/mbo3.60

Cited by 57 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the current study, the abundance of Bacteroides was also higher in kittens fed the Diet B post-weaning. This contrasts with results in adult cats which showed a decrease of Bacteroides associated with a similar diet [9]. Bacteroidete proportions were higher in the current study (c. 20%) compared to that observed previously in kittens fed moderate or high protein:carbohydrate dry diets (0.2% [32]).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Post-Weaning Diet Affects Faecal Microbial Composition but Not Selected Adipose Gene Expression in the Cat (Felis catus)

et al. 2013

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The effects of pre- (i.e., gestation and during lactation) and post-weaning diet on the composition of faecal bacterial communities and adipose expression of key genes in the glucose and insulin pathways were investigated in the cat. Queens were maintained on a moderate protein:fat:carbohydrate kibbled (“Diet A”; 35:20:28% DM; n = 4) or high protein:fat:carbohydrate canned (“Diet B”; 45:37:2% DM; n = 3) diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto these diets in a nested design (n = 5 per treatment). Faecal samples were collected at wk 8 and 17 of age. DNA was isolated from faeces and bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were analysed by pyrosequencing. RNA was extracted from blood (wk 18) and adipose tissue and ovarian/testicular tissues (wk 24) and gene expression levels determined using RT-qPCR. Differences (P<0.05) in composition of faecal bacteria were observed between pregnant queens fed Diet A or B. However, pre-weaning diet had little effect on faecal bacterial composition in weaned kittens. In contrast, post-weaning diet altered bacterial population profiles in the kittens. Increased (P<0.05) abundance of Firmicutes (77% vs 52% of total reads) and Actinobacteria (0.8% vs 0.2% of total reads), and decreased (P<0.05) abundance of Fusobacteria (1.6% vs 18.4% of total reads) were observed for kittens fed the Diet A compared to those fed Diet B post-weaning. Feeding Diet B pre-weaning increased (P<0.05) the expression levels of INRS, LEPT, PAI-1 and tended to increase GLUT1, while the expression levels of IRS-1 in blood increased in kittens fed Diet A pre-weaning. Post-weaning diet had no effect on expression levels of target genes. Correlations between the expression levels of genes involved in glucose and insulin pathways and faecal Bacteriodetes and Firmicutes phyla were identified. The reasons for why post-weaning diet affects microbial populations and not gene expression levels are of interest.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In order to investigate the hypothesis, we selected diets that contained contrasting levels of protein, fat and carbohydrate, that have shown to promote large differences in faecal bacteria profiles of adult cats [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Weaning Diet Affects Faecal Microbial Composition but Not Selected Adipose Gene Expression in the Cat (Felis catus)

et al. 2013

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“…Fusobacterium are commonly found in the faeces of healthy dogs3233. Furthermore, because Fusobacterium are proteolytic bacteria34 they have been associated with high protein diets in kittens35, adult cats536 and dogs37. Bacteroides are known to utilise host mucin glycans3839 in the absence of dietary carbohydrates, which may also partially explain the success of these bacteria in kittens fed the canned diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canned diets also contain approximately 75–80% moisture. Our previous research has shown large differences in the composition of faecal microbiota in the domestic cat associated with either short-term changes in diet5 or following the feeding of kibbled and canned post-weaning diets6.…”

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Pre- and post-weaning diet alters the faecal metagenome in the cat with differences in vitamin and carbohydrate metabolism gene abundances

Young

Moon

Thomas

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Dietary format, and its role in pet nutrition, is of interest to pet food manufacturers and pet owners alike. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pre- and post-weaning diets (kibbled or canned) on the composition and function of faecal microbiota in the domestic cat by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and gene taxonomic and functional assignment using MG-RAST. Post-weaning diet had a dramatic effect on community composition; 147 of the 195 bacterial species identified had significantly different mean relative abundances between kittens fed kibbled and canned diets. The kittens fed kibbled diets had relatively higher abundances of Lactobacillus (>100-fold), Bifidobacterium (>100-fold), and Collinsella (>9-fold) than kittens fed canned diets. There were relatively few differences in the predicted microbiome functions associated with the pre-weaning diet. Post-weaning diet affected the abundance of functional gene groups. Genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, metabolism, and transport, were significantly enriched in the metagenomes of kittens fed the canned diet. The impact of post-weaning diet on the metagenome in terms of vitamin biosynthesis functions suggests that modulation of the microbiome function through diet may be an important avenue for improving the nutrition of companion animals.

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“…Data are not available on the actual nutrient composition of these diets. Dietary protein, nitrogen free extract and fiber concentrations and sources, and the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (i.e., nitrogen free extract) have all been shown to alter microbial populations of cats and dogs [2], [4], [30], [31], [32], [33], For example, Middelbos et al [4] reported data similar to ours for laboratory dogs fed diets containing 7.5% beet pulp (total dietary fiber: 4.5% DM) compared to control diets containing no supplemental fiber (total dietary fiber: 1.4% DM): The proportions of Actinobacteria (0.8 vs 1.4% of sequences) and Fusobacteria (24 vs 40% of sequences) were decreased (P<0.05) compared to control dogs, while Firmicutes were increased (28 vs 15% of sequences; P<0.05). There is growing evidence that the proportions of gastrointestinal microbes are altered in some disease states when compared with healthy dogs [28], [34], [35], [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Cooked Navy Bean on the Fecal Microbiome of Healthy Companion Dogs

et al. 2013

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BackgroundCooked bean powders are a promising novel protein and fiber source for dogs, which have demonstrated potential to alter microbial composition and function for chronic disease control and prevention. This study aimed to determine the impact of cooked navy bean powder fed as a staple food ingredient on the fecal microbiome of healthy adult pet dogs.Methodology/Principal FindingsFecal samples from healthy dogs prior to dietary control and after 4 wk of dietary treatment with macro- and micronutrient matched diets containing either 0 or 25% cooked navy beans (n = 11 and n = 10, respectively) were analyzed by 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. There were few differences between dogs fed the control and navy bean diets after 4 wk of treatment. These data indicate that there were no major effects of navy bean inclusion on microbial populations. However, significant differences due to dietary intervention onto both research diets were observed (i.e., microbial populations at baseline versus 4 wk of intervention with 0 or 25% navy bean diets). After 4 wk of dietary intervention on either control or navy bean diet, the Phylum Firmicutes was increased and the Phyla Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were decreased compared to baseline.ConclusionsNo negative alterations of microbial populations occurred following cooked navy bean intake in dogs, indicating that bean powders may be a viable protein and fiber source for commercial pet foods. The highly variable microbial populations observed in these healthy adult pet dogs at baseline is one potential reason for the difficulty to detect alterations in microbial populations following dietary changes. Given the potential physiological benefits of bean intake in humans and dogs, further evaluation of the impacts of cooked navy bean intake on fecal microbial populations with higher power or more sensitive methods are warranted.

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Dietary format alters fecal bacterial populations in the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Cited by 57 publications

References 40 publications

Post-Weaning Diet Affects Faecal Microbial Composition but Not Selected Adipose Gene Expression in the Cat (Felis catus)

Post-Weaning Diet Affects Faecal Microbial Composition but Not Selected Adipose Gene Expression in the Cat (Felis catus)

Pre- and post-weaning diet alters the faecal metagenome in the cat with differences in vitamin and carbohydrate metabolism gene abundances

Effects of Dietary Cooked Navy Bean on the Fecal Microbiome of Healthy Companion Dogs

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