Dietary flaxseed oil rich in omega-3 suppresses severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in rats

Zhu, Lili; Sha, Lei; Li, Ké; Wang, Zhen; Wang, Ting; Li, Yiwei; Liu, Ping; Dong, Xiaoying; Dong, Youping; Zhang, Xiaoxia; Wang, Hao

doi:10.1186/s12944-019-1167-4

Cited by 143 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A previous report illustrated that omega-3 PUFAs and vitamin E co-supplementation down-regulated IL-8 and TNF-α expression in PCOS patients ( 71 ). Dietary ALA-rich FO inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in T2DM and ALD ( 37 , 38 ). EPA treatment can decrease IL-1β and TNF-α but increase IL-10 in PCOS ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Flaxseed oil (FO), which is obtained from the seeds of flax plant, serves as mainly plant-derived omega-3 PUFAs [α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 omega-3)] sourced to non-fish eaters. Dietary FO supplementation possesses the ability to attenuate chronic metabolic diseases ( 37 , 38 ). Furthermore, FO was previously reported to enhance the insulin level, lower the blood glucose level, and restore the enzymatic antioxidant barrier in diabetic rats by blocking insulin resistance ( 39 , 40 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Exerts Beneficial Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Through Sex Steroid Hormones—Microbiota—Inflammation Axis in Rats

Wang

Sha

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a common endocrine-metabolic disorder disease with chronic low-grade inflammation and alteration of intestinal flora. Serving as functional food, flaxseed oil (FO), which is rich in plant-derived α-linolenic acid of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been proven to benefit for chronic metabolic diseases. However, the exact role of dietary FO on PCOS remains largely unclear. In the present study, 6-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (eight rats/group), including (a) pair-fed (PF) control (CON) group (PF/CON), (b) FO-fed CON group (FO/CON), (c) PF with letrozole-induced PCOS model (MOD) group (PF/MOD), and (d) FO-fed MOD group (FO/MOD). All rats were fed a standard diet. After 3 weeks of modeling and subsequent 8 weeks of treatment, the rats in diverse groups were euthanized and associated indications were investigated. The results showed that dietary FO ameliorated the disorder of estrous cycle and ovarian morphology. In parallel, dietary FO improved the sex steroid hormone disturbance (luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone), body weights, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Moreover, FO treatment improved plasma and ovary inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Additionally, FO intervention significantly modulated the composition of gut microbiota and vaginal microbiota by increasing the abundances of Allobaculum, Lactobacillus, Butyrivibrio, Desulfovibrio, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides as well as decreasing the abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Streptococcus, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. A decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide level and an increase in short-chain fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and pentanoic acid, were determined after dietary FO supplementation. Correlation analysis Wang et al. FO Ameliorates PCOS in Rats revealed close relationships among sex steroid hormones, inflammation, and gut/vaginal microbiota. Collectively, this study demonstrated that dietary FO ameliorated PCOS through the sex steroid hormones-microbiota-inflammation axis in rats, which may contribute to the understanding of pathogenesis and potentially serve as an inexpensive intervention in the control of PCOS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Exerts Beneficial Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Through Sex Steroid Hormones—Microbiota—Inflammation Axis in Rats

Wang

Sha

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…For example, the abundance of Fimicutes was decreased after irradiation, and those of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were increased after PC intervention. A previous study found that Fimutes abundance was inversely related to the levels of various inflammatory factors, while Bacteroidetes was just the opposite [ 50 ]. This shows that the inflammation level of lung tissue is closely related to the flora of the lungs and even the intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phycocyanin on pulmonary and gut microbiota in a radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis model

Li¹,

Lu²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Objective Radiation pneumonia and fibrosis are major clinical complications of radiotherapy for thoracic tumor patients, and may significantly reduce survival and quality of life. At present, no safe and effective radiation protection measures have been approved for clinical use. Phycocyanin, a protein responsible for photosynthesis from Spirulina , has been shown to have a variety of biological activities and to be beneficial for a variety of diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, the preventive and protective effects of phycocyanin on radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis have not been studied. Design X-ray single dose irradiation was used on the chest of mice to prepare a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, from which the effect of phycocyanin on pulmonary histopathologic change, pulmonary fibrosis, the microbiota in lung and gut, LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 at different time after irradiation were evaluated. Results Phycocyanin alleviated the radiation-induced lung injury and reduced the level of inflammatory factors. Thorax irradiation led to the disorder in microbiota of the lung and gut. The variation trend of the diversity of the two tissues was opposite, but that of the microbiota composition was similar. The phycocyanin intervention regulated the composition of the lung and gut microbiota, transformed them into normal state, and reduced the level of LPS, which significantly reduced the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria, and increased the abundance of probiotics that produce short-chain fatty acids. Conclusion Phycocyanin could regulate the radiation-induced disorder in lung and gut microbiota of mice, and reduce the radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis.

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“…In a diabetic rat model study [ 62 ], the administration of flaxseed oil (rich in α-linoleic acid) seems to improve glucose metabolism, reduce interleukin 1-β, TNF-α and malondialdehyde, compared to the control group. In particular, the analytical sequencing of the intestinal microbiota showed a reduction of Firmicutes and Blautia that positively correlate with inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, TNF-α, LPS, etc.…”

Section: Mediterranean Diet and Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Human Gut Microbiota

et al. 2020

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Gut microbiota changes correlate with health status. Literature data on gut microbiota show that all dietary changes can induce the alteration of gut microbiota composition. Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality and in this review, we analyzed its interactions with human microbiota. In particular, we explored the modulation of the human microbiota, in response to MD adherence, focusing the attention on polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω-3 and fiber. Evidences suggest that MD is able to modulate the gut microbiota, increasing its diversity. In fact, a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern is associated with specific gut microbiota characteristics. The available evidence, suggests that gut microbiota of subjects that follow a MD is significantly different from subjects that follow a Western diet model. In fact, the latter show an increased gut permeability, which is responsible for metabolic endotoxemia. For this reason, we can speculate that the gut microbiota of the subjects following a MD is able to prevent the onset of chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. However, in order to understand these correlations with dietary patterns, controlled intervention studies on the gut microbiota composition and activity are needed.

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Dietary flaxseed oil rich in omega-3 suppresses severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in rats

Cited by 143 publications

References 52 publications

Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Exerts Beneficial Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Through Sex Steroid Hormones—Microbiota—Inflammation Axis in Rats

Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Exerts Beneficial Effects on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Through Sex Steroid Hormones—Microbiota—Inflammation Axis in Rats

Effects of phycocyanin on pulmonary and gut microbiota in a radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis model

Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Human Gut Microbiota

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