Dietary fish and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with leukocyte ABCA1 DNA methylation levels

DNA methylation and regulation of gene expression: Guardian of our health

“… Ratio of folate and B12 In utero B12 deficient and Folate over-supplementation (BDFO) leads to highest mortality rate in mice. Females cannot reproduce SAM metabolite generation and methylation of CpG islands of DNMT genes affected [ 61 ] Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) In utero Affects features based on regions of hypermethylation Global hypermethylation due to SAM metabolite generation [ 61 ] Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) In utero Females have more primordial germ cells; effect on fertility of the female reproductive system Co-factor for TET group of enzymes; increases demethylation for germline specific genes to increase their expression during germline reprogramming [ 19 ] Lipids High lipid content in maternal diet In utero Increase of leptin in cord blood, increases risk of cancer and type 2 diabetes, cholesterol and insulin levels, neurocognitive functions disrupted The DNA methylation and other histone modification marks remain as epigenetic memory for several genes predisposing the offspring to risk of these disease phenotypes in adulthood (16; 44; 87) Palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid (AHA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mother's milk Post-partum Tendency of obesity in adulthood is lower Exposure to mother's milk cause a progressive demethylation of Fgf21 and other fatty acid metabolism genes in the offspring liver, reducing the chances of obesity in the offspring [ 92 ] Omega-3-PUFA Adulthood Regulation concentration of HDL-C in blood, associated with cardiovascular health Decreases the methylation of leucocyte ABCA1 gene [ 27 ] Plant metabolites EGCG Adulthood Reduces the risk of gastric cancers Inhibitor of methyltransferases; reactivates genes silenced in cancer (CDX2, BMP2) [ 24 ] DHCA Adulthood Increased peripheral inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 is associated with Major Depressive Disorder …”

“…DHCA can reportedly decrease the methylation of CpG islands in introns 1 and 3 of the IL-6 gene, which serve as enhancers, thus reducing its expression ( 81 ). Dietary intake of fish oils and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to decrease the DNA methylation of leucocyte ABCA1 gene, which is a key player in the regulation of HDL-C concentration of blood and hence can be associated with cardiovascular health [ 27 ]. Minerals like Selenium in diet can reactivate hypermethylated genes like GSTP1, APC and CSR1 by downregulating the expression of DNMTs in prostate cancer cells [ 43 , 84 ].…”

DNA methylation level of the gene encoding thioredoxin-interacting protein in peripheral blood cells is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Japanese general population

“…DNA methylation can be influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, and stress. In fact, we recently reported that nutritional status has a significant impact on methylation patterns in blood [42][43][44]. We also have shown an association between DNA methylation level at cg19693031 and smoking behavior [33].…”

Contribution of the Environment, Epigenetic Mechanisms and Non-Coding RNAs in Psoriasis

“…Food and nutrient intake can lead to alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome, allowing differential growth [ 33 ] of certain populations that are associated with PsO. In parallel with microbiota alterations, several nutrients such as sulphoraphane, curcumin [ 34 ] and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 35 ] can induce DNA methylation in leukocytes [ 36 ] and histone modifications by activating the epigenetic related enzymes DNMTs, HDAC and HAT. Dietary habits display a further added risk in developing PsO via the increased obesity prevalence amongst PsO cases, as described in numerous studies [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”