Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota

Cronin, Patrick; Joyce, Susan A.; O’Toole, Paul W.; O’Connor, Eibhlís M.

doi:10.3390/nu13051655

Cited by 262 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 244 publications

(311 reference statements)

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“…Insoluble dietary fiber can slow down the absorption rate of the small intestine. It can promote intestinal motility and satiety, prevent the surge of blood glucose concentration, and reduce plasma cholesterol concentration (Cronin et al, 2021;Qin et al, 2020). Soluble dietary fiber can regulate intestinal flora and prevent metabolic syndrome (Wang et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ie Tary Fib Ermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

2021

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Uric acid (UA) is produced in the liver and excreted through the kidneys and intestines. If UA is overproduced or its excretion reduces, the concentration of UA increases, leading to hyperuricemia and gout. The high concentration of UA is also related to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, and other diseases. Fruits are healthy foods. However, fruits contain fructose and small amounts of purine, and the product of their metabolism is UA. Therefore, theoretically, eating fruits will increase the concentration of serum UA. Fruit components are numerous, and their effects on serum UA are complex. According to the current research, fructose, purine, polyphenols, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and minerals present in fruits influence serum UA concentrations. In addition to the UA synthesized by fructose and purine metabolism, the mechanisms by which other components affect the concentration of serum UA can be summarized as follows: (a) inhibiting xanthine oxidase; (b) reducing reabsorption of UA; and (c) improving the excretion of UA. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the fruit components that affect serum UA concentrations, and explained their mechanisms for the first time, which references for patients with hyperuricemia to take fruits. Practical applicationsWith the rising prevalence, hyperuricemia and gout have become public health problems that endanger our daily life. The key to the treatment of hyperuricemia is to control the level of serum UA within the normal range. Fruits are healthy foods.However, fruit components are numerous, and their effects on serum UA are complex. According to the current research, fructose, purine, polyphenols, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and minerals present in fruits influence serum UA concentrations. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the fruit components that affect serum UA concentrations. We also explained their mechanisms, which references for patients with hyperuricemia to take fruits.

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Section: Ie Tary Fib Ermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

2021

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“…By increasing stool frequency and bulk volume, dietary fibre helps with defecation and might protect us against heart diseases, hypertension, and certain types of cancer [5,6]. Several recent sources also reveal the importance of dietary fibre intake in local colon microbiota [7][8][9]. Colonic bacteria produce enzymes that can partly degrade dietary fibre molecules through the process of fermentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadequate Intake of Dietary Fibre in Adolescents, Adults, and Elderlies: Results of Slovenian Representative SI. Menu Study

et al. 2021

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Dietary fibre has proven to promote healthy body mass and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. To date, in Slovenia, there were only a few outdated studies of dietary fibre intake; therefore, we explored the dietary fibre intake using food consumption data collected in the SI.Menu project. Following the EU Menu methodology, data were collected on representative samples of adolescents, adults, and elderlies using a general questionnaire, a food propensity questionnaire, and two 24 h recalls. The results indicate that the intake of dietary fibre in Slovenia is lower than recommended. The proportion of the population with inadequate fibre intakes (<30 g/day) was 90.6% in adolescents, 89.6% in adults, and 83.9% in elderlies, while mean daily fibre intakes were 19.5, 20.9, and 22.4 g, respectively. Significant determinants for inadequate dietary fibre intake were sex in adolescents and adults, and body mass index in adults. The main food groups contributing to dietary fibre intake were bread and other grain products, vegetables and fruits, with significant differences between population groups. Contribution of fruits and vegetables to mean daily dietary fibre intake was highest in elderlies (11.6 g), followed by adults (10.6 g) and adolescents (8.5 g). Public health strategies, such as food reformulation, promoting whole-meal alternatives, consuming whole foods of plant origin, and careful planning of school meals could beneficially contribute to the overall dietary fibre intake in the population.

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“…Highviscosity psyllium husk's outsized effect was likely due to its better gelation ability in vivo compared to low-viscosity PHGG and gum Arabic [62]. Still, larger meals of PHGG and gum Arabic fibre will be able to release more beneficial SCFAs downstream in the small intestine where glucose and lipid metabolism are affected by gut microbiota digestion and composition [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short-Term Effects and Tolerability of Low-Viscosity Soluble Fibre on Gastroparesis Patients: A Pilot Clinical Intervention Study

Suresh

Zhou

2021

Nutrients

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Gastroparesis is a motility disorder that causes severe gastric symptoms and delayed gastric emptying, where the majority of sufferers are females (80%), with 29% of sufferers also diagnosed with Type-1 or Type-2 diabetes. Current clinical recommendations involve stringent dietary restriction and includes the avoidance and minimization of dietary fibre. Dietary fibre lowers the glycaemic index of food, reduces inflammation and provides laxation. Lack of dietary fibre in the diet can affect long-term gastrointestinal health. Our previously published rheological study demonstrated that “low-viscosity” soluble fibres could be a potentially tolerable source of fibre for the gastroparetic population. A randomised controlled crossover pilot clinical study was designed to compare Partially-hydrolysed guar gum or PHGG (test fibre 1), gum Arabic (test fibre 2), psyllium husk (positive control) and water (negative control) in mild-to-moderate symptomatic gastroparesis patients (requiring no enteral tube feeding). The principal aim of the study was to determine the short-term physiological effects and tolerability of the test fibres. In n = 10 female participants, post-prandial blood glucose, gastroparesis symptoms, and breath test measurements were recorded. Normalized clinical data revealed that test fibres PHGG and gum Arabic were able to regulate blood glucose comparable to psyllium husk, while causing far fewer symptoms, equivalent to negative control. The test fibres did not greatly delay mouth-to-caecum transit, though more data is needed. The study data looks promising, and a longer-term study investigating these test fibres is being planned.

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Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota

Cited by 262 publications

References 244 publications

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

Inadequate Intake of Dietary Fibre in Adolescents, Adults, and Elderlies: Results of Slovenian Representative SI. Menu Study

The Short-Term Effects and Tolerability of Low-Viscosity Soluble Fibre on Gastroparesis Patients: A Pilot Clinical Intervention Study

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