Dietary Fiber Modulates the Fermentation Patterns of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside in a Fiber-Type Dependent Manner

Abstract

The interactions between cell-wall polysaccharides and polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract have attracted extensive attention. We hypothesized that dietary fiber modulates the fermentation patterns of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in a fiber-type-dependent manner. In the present study, the effects of four dietary fibers (fructose-oligosaccharides, pectin, β-glucan and arabinoxylan) on the modulation of C3G fermentation patterns were investigated through in vitro fermentation inoculated with human feces. The changes in gas volume, pH, total carbohydrate content, metabolites of C3G, antioxidant activity, and microbial community distribution during in vitro fermentation were analyzed. After 24 h of fermentation, the gas volume and total carbohydrate contents of the four dietary-fiber-supplemented groups respectively increased and decreased to varying degrees. The results showed that the C3G metabolites after in vitro fermentation mainly included cyanidin, protocatechuic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde. Supplementation of dietary fibers changed the proportions of C3G metabolites depending on the structures. Dietary fibers increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and the relative abundance of gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, thus potentially maintaining colonic health to a certain extent. In conclusion, the used dietary fibers modulate the fermentation patterns of C3G in a fiber-type-dependent manner.

Structural Characterization and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Enzymatically Extracted Black Mulberry Polysaccharides

“…17 The preparation of the fresh fecal inoculum was performed based on the previous method. 18 Fresh fecal samples were provided by five healthy donors (22−25 years of age) who did not have antibiotic treatment or digestive diseases for at least three months. In vitro fermentation was carried out in a 10 mL anaerobic fermentation flask.…”

“…The analysis included DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. 18 Total genomic DNA was extracted using a DNA extraction kit (DNeasy PowerSoil Kit, Qiagen). The concentration of DNA was verified with a Nano-Drop2000 (Thermo Fisher, MA, USA) and agarose gel.…”

New insight into the joint significance of dietary jujube polysaccharides and 6-gingerol in antioxidant and antitumor activities

“… 77 As an example, Yang et al found that cell wall polysaccharides modulated the polyphenol metabolites, short-chain fatty acid generation and probiotic growth, thus potentially enhancing the colonic health. 80 In another study, Bermúdez-Oria et al reported that the pectin polysaccharides could maintain the antioxidant ability of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol after digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly due to the complexation and colon-targeted delivery effects. 81 Hu et al reported that the combination of mulberry leaf and oat bran enriched in polyphenols and β-glucans could enhance the gut microbiota diversity and regulate their compositions.…”

Wheat supplement with buckwheat affect gut microbiome composition and circulate short-chain fatty acids

“…Bifidobacterium was constantly used as the probiotic ingredient in many functional foods ( 31 ). Dietary fiber can promote the massive growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus ( 32 ). Consequently, the intervention of fiber-rich cereals mixture encouraged the development of both types of bacteria on a large scale.…”