Dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a dose–response analysis of prospective studies

Abstract

Observational studies suggest an association between dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes, but the results are inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies evaluating the associations of dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Relevant studies were identified by searching EMBASE (from 1974 to April 2013) and PubMed (from 1966 to April 2013). The fixed or random-effect model was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies. In addition, a 2-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was performed. We identified 17 prospective cohort studies of dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes involving 19,033 cases and 488,293 participants. The combined RR (95 % CI) of type 2 diabetes for intake of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, fruit fiber and insoluble fiber was 0.81 (0.73-0.90), 0.77 (0.69-0.85), 0.94 (0.88-0.99) and 0.75 (0.63-0.89), respectively. A nonlinear relationship was found of total dietary fiber intake with risk of type 2 diabetes (P for nonlinearity < 0.01), and the RRs (95 % CI) of type 2 diabetes were 0.98 (0.90-1.06), 0.97 (0.87-1.07), 0.89 (0.80-0.99), 0.76 (0.65-0.88), and 0.66 (0.53-0.82) for 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 g/day. The departure from nonlinear relationship was not significant (P for nonlinearity = 0.72), and the risk of type 2 diabetes decreased by 6 % (RR 0.94, 95 % CI 0.93-0.96) for 2 g/day increment in cereal fiber intake. Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that the intakes of dietary fiber may be inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.

Whole-grain intake and total, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

“…An accumulation of evidence shows that dietary fiber intake is associated with lower risk of specific diseases (6,(47)(48)(49)(50) and total mortality (51). Apart from dietary fiber, whole grain also contains a wide array of other potentially beneficial constituents, such as folate, B-group vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that may independently or jointly exert a favorable effect on health (3).…”

Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

“…FV has a high fiber content that is inversely associated with T2DM risk [40]. FV is the important source of dietary potassium, and low dietary potassium increased T2DM risk [41].…”

Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity

“…While total carbohydrate consumption has little relation to cardiometabolic health, the quality of carbohydrate-rich foods is linked to risk ( Figure 6, Figure 7 ). 152-160 The conventional chemistry-based classification of simple (sugar) vs. complex (starch) carbohydrates has little physiologic relevance, as saccharide chain length has little influence on digestion rate or metabolic effects. More meaningful characteristics include dietary fiber content, glycemic responses to digestion, processing (intact, partially milled, fully milled, liquid), and whole grain content.…”