Dietary fiber decreases fasting blood glucose levels and plasma LDL concentration in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients

Hagander, Barbro; Asp, Nils‐Georg; Efendić, Suad; Nilsson‐Ehle, Peter; Scherstén, Bengt

doi:10.1093/ajcn/47.5.852

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Compared with high carbohydrate low fi bre diets, they improve glycaemic indices, total and LDL-C, and triglyceride levels. 571,575,[578][579][580][581][582][583][584][585] (1+) They also improve insulin sensitivity. 497,586 (1+) Compared with diets that are low in carbohydrate, low in fi bre and high in unsaturated fatty acids, they improve glycaemic parameters, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels while triglycerides remain unchanged.…”

Section: Dietary Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Banks

Crouch

Korda

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To quantify absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and treatment in Australian adults. Design, participants: Cross‐sectional representative study of 9564 people aged 18 years or more who had participated in the 2011–12 Australian National Health Measures Survey (response rate for those aged 45–74 years: 46.5%). Main outcome measures: Prior CVD was ascertained and 5‐year absolute risk of a primary CVD event calculated (using the Australian National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance algorithm; categories: low [< 10%], moderate [10–15%], and high [> 15%] risk) on the basis of data on medical history, risk factors and medications, derived from interviews, physical measurements, and blood and urine samples. Results: Absolute CVD risk increased with age and was higher among men than women. Overall, 19.9% (95% CI, 18.5–21.3%) of Australians aged 45–74 years had a high absolute risk of a future CVD event (an estimated 1 445 000 people): 8.7% (95% CI, 7.8–9.6%) had prior CVD (estimated 634 000 people) and 11.2% (95% CI, 10.2–12.2%) had high primary CVD risk (estimated 811 000 people). A further 8.6% (95% CI, 7.4–9.8%, estimated 625 000) were at moderate primary CVD risk. Among those with prior CVD, 44.2% (95% CI, 36.8–51.6%) were receiving blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering medications, 35.4% (95% CI, 27.8–43.0%) were receiving only one of these, and 20.4% (95% CI, 13.9–26.9%) were receiving neither. Corresponding figures for high primary CVD risk were 24.3% (95% CI, 18.3–30.3%); 28.7% (95% CI, 22.7–34.7%); and 47.1% (95% CI, 39.9–54.3%). Conclusions: About one‐fifth of the Australian population aged 45–74 years (about 1.4 million individuals) were estimated to have a high absolute risk of a future CVD event. Most (estimated 970 000) were not receiving currently recommended combination blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy, indicating substantial potential for health gains by increasing routine assessment and treatment according to absolute CVD risk.

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Section: Dietary Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Banks

Crouch

Korda

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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“…High intake of fiber may attenuate the glycemic effect of a mixed meal (30). In addition, cereal fiber may also affect adiponectin level through a fatty acidmediated pathway.…”

Section: Dietary Predictors Of Adiponectin Levels In Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Cereal Fiber, and Plasma Adiponectin Concentration in Diabetic Men

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -Adiponectin may improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and ameliorate glycemic control. However, few studies have evaluated dietary predictors of plasma adiponectin levels, especially among subjects with type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -To examine the associations of dietary glycemic load, glycemic index, and fibers with plasma adiponectin levels, we conducted a crosssectional analysis in 780 diabetic men from the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. Dietary information was obtained in 1986, 1990, and 1994 using semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires.RESULTS -After adjustment for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, aspirin use, HbA 1c , history of hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, and fiber intake, dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were inversely associated with plasma adiponectin in a dosedependent fashion (P for trend ϭ 0.005 for glycemic index and 0.004 for glycemic load). Adiponectin levels were 13% lower in the highest quintile of dietary glycemic index than in the lowest quintile. For dietary glycemic load, adiponectin levels were 18% lower in the highest quintile than in the lowest. In contrast, high intake of cereal fiber was associated with increased plasma adiponectin levels, adjusting for lifestyle factors and dietary glycemic load (P for trend ϭ 0.003). Adiponectin levels were 19% higher in the highest quintile than in the lowest quintile. Higher magnesium intake was also associated with increased plasma adiponectin.CONCLUSIONS -Diets low in glycemic load and high in fiber may increase plasma adiponectin concentrations in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 28:1022-1028, 2005D ietary glycemic index and load have been shown to predict risk of type 2 diabetes in healthy populations and also play a role in glycemic control among patients with diabetes (1-3). Meanwhile, several clinical studies have documented that a high-fiber diet substantially ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in diabetic patients by lowering fasting and postprandial levels of glucose and insulin and by improving blood lipids (4,5).The precise mechanism underlying the protective effects of glycemia-related dietary factors is not yet known. The fact that dietary glycemic measures and fiber intake may also affect body fat (6,7) gives rise to a hypothesis that the dietary effects may be in part mediated by adiposerelated pathways. It has been recognized that adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and plays pivotal roles in regulating whole-body metabolism by releasing bioactive molecules. Adiponectin is a newly identified adipose-secreted cytokine that presents at low plasma level in subjects with type 2 diabetes (8). Experimental and epidemiological studies have provided abundant evidence that adiponectin not only improves insulin sensitivity, but also has potent antiatherosclerotic effects (rev. in 9). Circulating adiponectin levels have been inversely associated with levels of fasting glucose and total-to-LDL cholesterol ratio and have been positively asso...

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“…The dietary factors (fibers and glycemic load/index) may affect plasma adiponectin through modulation of blood glucose, because a diet rich in some types of fiber could lower glucose concentrations (24), whereas a diet high in glycemic load/index may increase blood glucose (25,26). Blood glucose has been inversely correlated with the expression of adiponectin in adipose tissue (27).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fibers and Glycemic Load, Obesity, and Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

Meigs

Liu³

et al. 2006

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVE -The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of dietary fibers and glycemic load with plasma adiponectin in diabetic women and investigate the modification effect of obesity.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 902 women with type 2 diabetes from the Nurses' Health Study. Dietary information was obtained using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS -After adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, aspirin use, HbA 1c , history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and postmenopausal hormone use, intakes of cereal fiber and fruit fiber (P for trend ϭ 0.002 and 0.036, respectively) were significantly associated with an increasing trend of plasma adiponectin concentrations. Further adjustment for BMI did not appreciably change the associations for cereal fiber but attenuated the associations for fruit fiber. Adiponectin concentrations were 24% higher in the highest compared with the lowest quintile of cereal fiber. Dietary glycemic load and glycemic index were significantly associated with lower plasma adiponectin levels, after adjustment for BMI and other covariates (P for trend ϭ 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). The percent differences in adiponectin concentration between the highest and the lowest quintiles of dietary glycemic load and glycemic index were 17 and 18%, respectively. The associations between dietary factors and plasma adiponectin were consistent across lean (BMI Ͻ25 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25 Յ BMI Ͻ30 kg/m 2 ), and obese subjects (BMI Ն30 kg/m 2 ).CONCLUSIONS -Our data indicate that dietary cereal fiber and glycemic load/index are associated with the circulating adiponectin concentration. Such associations were not modified by obesity status. Diabetes Care 29:1501-1505, 2006A diponectin is an adipose-secreted cytokine that circulates at a high concentration in blood (1). It is well documented that adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity through reducing blood free fatty acids, enhancing insulin action, stimulating glucose utilization, increasing hepatic fatty acid oxidation, and decreasing hepatic fatty acid synthesis (2-5). Plasma adiponectin concentrations have been inversely associated with the risks of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the general population (6,7). Circulating adiponectin was found to be associated with a better lipid profile, better glycemic control, and reduced inflammation in diabetic patients from our cohorts (8,9) and another population (10). Furthermore, we have found that both blood adiponectin concentrations and the variability in the adiponectin gene might affect the risk of diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases (11,12). These data together suggest that adiponectin is an important target for management of diabetes, especially in regard to cardiovascular complications.Recently, we found that dietary cereal fiber and glycemic load were associated with plasma adiponectin in diabetic men (13). A previous study had documented that blood adiponectin levels were dif...

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Dietary fiber decreases fasting blood glucose levels and plasma LDL concentration in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Cereal Fiber, and Plasma Adiponectin Concentration in Diabetic Men

Dietary Fibers and Glycemic Load, Obesity, and Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Women With Type 2 Diabetes

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