Dietary fermented soybean meal inclusion improves growth performance and ileal barrier function of the weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88

A Novel Fermented Rapeseed Meal, Inoculated with Selected Protease-Assisting Screened B. subtilis YY-4 and L. plantarum 6026, Showed High Availability and Strong Antioxidant and Immunomodulation Potential Capacity

“…In the present study, the ADG values of weaned rats fed FRSMP were increased, which was consistent with previous studies where the growth performances of weaned piglets were enhanced by adding FSBM [53] and those of weaned calves were improved by adding fermented corn gluten-wheat bran with acid-protease-assisting Lactobacillus [17]. The growth rate is largely regulated by the GH-GF-1 axis, and GH is regulated by thyroxine (especially T 3 ).…”

Determination of the Optimal Level of Dietary Zinc for Newly Weaned Pigs: A Dose-Response Study

“…The activity of DAO and D-lactate concentration are well-established biomarkers of the integrity of the mucosal barrier in the small and large intestine, respectively [ 65 , 66 ], as the plasma concentration will increase if the permeability of the intestinal wall is compromised [ 67 , 68 ]. Some studies have shown that a high dietary Zn level (2200–3000 mg Zn/kg diet) reduces the DAO activity in plasma/serum compared to low dietary Zn levels (100 mg Zn/kg diet) [ 69 , 70 ].…”

Mechanism of action, benefits, and research gap in fermented soybean meal utilization as a high-quality protein source for livestock and poultry

“…(2020) B. subtilis 1 × 10 8 cfu/g 24 h 50% replacement Finishing pigs Increased serum and muscle antioxidant capacity Improved nutrient digestibility and growth performance Improved carcass trait and meat quality via increased serum and muscle antioxidant capacity Caused changes in metabolism-related gene expression in longissimus thoracis Xie et al. (2022) B. subtilis KC 101, S. cerevisiae JM 102, and Bacillus lactis RG 103 1.0 × 10 10 , 1.0 × 10 9 , 2.5 × 10 9 cfu/g 4 d 7.33% wet FSBM and 5% dry FSBM inclusion Piglets Improved growth performance, Increased large intestine metabolites of carbohydrates and reduced metabolites of protein Altered large intestine microbiome Zhang et al., 2018a , Zhang et al., 2018b S. thermophilus , S. cerevisiae , and B. subtilis 1 × 10 7 cfu/mL 5 d 6% replacement Enterotoxigenic E. coli -challenged piglets Improved growth performance Alleviated diarrhea in E. coli -challenged piglets Modulated the cecal microbial composition and down-regulated inflammatory cytokines production Wang et al., 2020a , Wang et al., 2020b A. oryzae GB-107 10,000 cfu/g 48 h 10% replacement Lipopolysaccharide-challenged nursery piglets Increased expression of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase Reduced expression of adiponectin, neonatal Fc receptor, and decreased tumor necrosis factor ligand Modulated expression of gene related to inflammatory response and antioxidant activity Reduced serum cortisol Roh et al. (2015) L. plantarum, B. subtilis, and S. cerevisiae Mixed at ratio 1:2:2 and > 10 8 cfu/g NS 15% FSBM inclusion replaced 57% SBM Weaned piglets ...…”

“…(2015) L. plantarum, B. subtilis, and S. cerevisiae Mixed at ratio 1:2:2 and > 10 8 cfu/g NS 15% FSBM inclusion replaced 57% SBM Weaned piglets Improved growth performance Lowered diarrhea incidence Improved intestinal morphology Changed intestinal bacterial community structure Increased butyrate-producing bacteria population in the cecum and colon Xie et al. (2017) S. thermophilus , S. cerevisiae , and B. subtilis Mixed at a ratio of 1:1:1 5 d 25% replacement Enterotoxigenic E. coli -challenged piglets Enhanced growth performance Reduced diarrhea incidence Improved ileal barrier function Reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and ileal mucosal cell apoptosis Wang et al., 2020a , Wang et al., 2020b Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Lactobacillus salivarius , and Clostridium butyricum 1 × 10 8 cfu/g 2 d 5% inclusion Weaning piglets No effect on growth performance Reduced diarrhea incidence Increased fecal LAB population Led to a high inhibitory effect on the fecal Enterobacteriaceae population Elevated serum IgG and IgA Cheng et al. (2019) L. plantarum , B. subtilis MA 139, and S. cerevisiae Mixed at 1:2:2 72 h 10% inclusion replaced 38% SBM Weaning piglets Increased ADG No effect on the F:G ratio Increased total protein Lowered blood urea nitrogen Reduced piggery NH 3 levels due to nitrogen conversion Decreased piggery PM10 and PM2.5 levels Cheng et al.…”