Dietary Fatty Acids and Prevention of Hormone-Responsive Cancer

Rose, David P.

doi:10.3181/00379727-216-44172

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Ecological studies support the notion that high consumption of fish is associated with low incidence of breast cancer (Rose, 1997, Terry et al, 2003. Coastal-and rural-dwelling Japanese and Eskimos, who traditionally consume large quantities of marine n-3 fatty acids, have low breast cancer rates (Rose, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Opposing effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on mammary carcinogenesis: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

et al. 2003

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We investigated the effects of individual fatty acids on breast cancer in a prospective study of 35 298 Singapore Chinese women aged 45 -74 years, who were enrolled during April 1993 to December 1998 (The Singapore Chinese Health Study). At recruitment, each study subject was administered, in-person, a validated, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire consisting of 165 food and beverage items. As of December 31, 2000, 314 incident cases of breast cancer had occurred. We used the Cox regression methods to examine individual fatty acids in relation to breast cancer risk, with adjustment for age at baseline interview, year of interview, dialect group, level of education, daily alcohol drinking, number of live births, age when menstrual periods became regular, and family history of breast cancer. Consumption of saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat overall was unrelated to risk. On the other hand, high levels of dietary n-3 fatty acids from fish/shellfish (marine n-3 fatty acids) were significantly associated with reduced risk. Relative to the lowest quartile of intake, individuals in the higher three quartiles exhibited a 26% reduction in risk (relative risk (RR) ¼ 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.58, 0.94)); RRs were similar across the top three quartiles of intake (0.75, 0.75, 0.72, respectively). Overall, there was no association between n-6 fatty acids and breast cancer risk. However, among subjects who consumed low levels of marine n-3 fatty acids (lowest quartile of intake), a statistically significant increase in risk was observed in individuals belonging to the highest vs the lowest quartile of n-6 fatty acid consumption (RR ¼ 1.87, 95% CI ¼ 1.06 -3.27); the corresponding RR for advanced breast cancer was 2.45 (95% CI ¼ 1.20 -4.97, P for trend ¼ 0.01). To our knowledge, these are the first prospective findings linking the intake of marine n-3 fatty acids to breast cancer protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Coastal-and rural-dwelling Japanese and Eskimos, who traditionally consume large quantities of marine n-3 fatty acids, have low breast cancer rates (Rose, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on mammary carcinogenesis: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

et al. 2003

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“…The relations between biomarkers corresponding to intake of marine origin n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lifestyle-related disease including coronary heart disease and speci®c cancers have also been investigated (Rose, 1997b;Seidelin, 1995). In etiological studies, a biomarker is commonly used as a surrogate marker of actual dietary intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single measurement of serum phospholipid fatty acid as a biomarker of specific fatty acid intake in middle-aged Japanese men

et al. 2001

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Objective: To assess the utility of serum phospholipid fatty acid (FA) levels as a biochemical indicator of habitual dietary fatty acid intake in Japanese, whose diet is characterized by low fat intake and high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of marine origin. Subjects and methods: Eighty-seven male volunteers from four public health center districts that were part of the Japan Public Health Center based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) cohort I, were included in this study. Habitual intake of fatty acid was obtained by 7 day weighed dietary records four times (in one area only twice) in 1994 ± 1995. Blood was collected twice, in February and August of the same year, and the composition of FA in serum phospholipid was analyzed by gas chromatography. The correlation coef®cient between serum phospholipid FA levels and fatty acid intake was calculated. Results: High correlations were observed for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are marine origin n-3 PUFA (r 0.75, 0.49, 0.50, respectively). No signi®cant correlation was observed for saturated fatty acid (SFA), although the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), palmitoleic acid and oleic acid intake were moderately correlated (r 0.22, 0.35, respectively). The correlations for EPA, DPA and DHA were similar in both samples collected in February and August. Conclusions: These data suggest that in populations with a high and stable over time intake of n-3 PUFA of marine origin, a single measurement of serum phospholipids re¯ects the ranking of habitual intake of marine origin n-3 PUFA.

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“…These can inhibit apoptosis, thereby helping expand tumor mass, stimulate angiogenesis, and induce production and secretion of proteolytic enzymes, which are essential for passage of tumor cells through basement membranes. [45][46][47] Conversely, -3 fatty acids inhibit ⌬ 6 desaturase, compete for AA, and block production of 5 and 12-HETE. 45 In prostate carcinoma, these effects could result in enhanced apoptosis, decreased tissue invasiveness, and a lowered risk of disease progression and metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse association between prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid and risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma

Freeman

Meydani

Hur

et al. 2004

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDAn effect of fatty acids has been implicated in men with advanced‐stage prostate carcinoma and in men who have died of the disease. To evaluate the influence of fatty acids in men with prostate carcinoma at earlier stages, the authors examined the relation between prostatic concentrations of fatty acids and locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ‐confined disease.METHODSFatty acids were measured by capillary gas chromatography in fresh, nonmalignant prostate tissue specimens collected during surgery from 196 men undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate carcinoma. Two‐sided, two‐sample Student t tests compared mean concentrations in men with extraprostatic disease (pT3–4N0–1M0) with control men with organ‐confined disease. Logistic regression accounted for clinical stage, prostate‐specific antigen level, Gleason sum, and other factors.RESULTSPercent total prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found to be inversely associated with risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma (n = 52) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.87–0.99; P = 0.035). Risk of seminal vesicle involvement accounted for this association (OR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.78–0.95; P = 0.003). Percent ω‐3 fatty acid (eicosapentanoic + docosahexanoic acids) and percent arachidonic acid also were found to be inversely related to the risk of seminal vesicle involvement (OR = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.30–0.90; P = 0.02; and OR = 0.84, 95% CI,; 0.75–0.95; P = 0.005, respectively).CONCLUSIONSProstatic PUFA levels appear to influence the risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma in men with clinically organ‐confined disease. This association may be mediated through the immune system. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.

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Dietary Fatty Acids and Prevention of Hormone-Responsive Cancer

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Opposing effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on mammary carcinogenesis: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Opposing effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on mammary carcinogenesis: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Single measurement of serum phospholipid fatty acid as a biomarker of specific fatty acid intake in middle-aged Japanese men

Inverse association between prostatic polyunsaturated fatty acid and risk of locally advanced prostate carcinoma

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