Dietary fatty acids and lymphocyte functions

Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1079/pns19980073

Cited by 86 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In our study, PHA-induced IL-2 and TNFa production was enhanced by CLA, which agrees with some of the animal studies; however, this also occurred in the control group. Therefore, within the context of the immuno-modulatory effects of n-6 PUFA (Calder, 1998), our results show that both CLA and linoleic acid enhanced the capacity of PHA-stimulated PBMCs to secrete IL-2 and TNFa, which is suggestive of enhanced cell-mediated immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on immune function in healthy volunteers

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess the effects of dietary supplementation using two isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on immune function in healthy human volunteers. Design: Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled intervention trial. Subjects and intervention: A total of 55 healthy volunteers (n ¼ 20 males, n ¼ 35 females) were randomised into one of three study groups who received 3 g/day of a fatty acid blend containing a 50:50 cis-9, trans-11: trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer blend (2 g CLA), and 80:20 cis-9, trans-11: trans-10, cis-12 (80:20) CLA isomer blend (1.76 g CLA) or linoleic acid (control, 2 g linoleic acid) for 8 weeks.Results: Supplementation with the 80:20 CLA isomer blend significantly (Pr0.05) enhanced PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation. CLA decreased basal interleukin (IL)-2 secretion (Pr0.01) and increased PHA-induced IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) production (Pr0.01). However, these effects were not solely attributable to CLA as similar results were observed with linoleic acid. CLA supplementation had no significant effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells IL-4 production, or on serum-soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) or plasma prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) or leukotreine B 4 (LTB 4 ) concentrations.Conclusions: This study shows that CLA supplementation had a minimal effect on the markers of human immune function. Furthermore, supplementation with CLA had no immunological benefit compared with linoleic acid. Sponsorship: CLA supplements were provided by Loders Croklaan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on immune function in healthy volunteers

et al. 2005

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“…However, several studies have reported lower T-lymphocyte proliferation and decreased cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity after feeding a high-fat rich diet in n-6 PUFAs (Calder, 1998). NK cell cytotoxic activity has also been found to be lower.…”

Section: Dietary Lipids and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of dietary lipids on immune function has come under serious study only in the last few decades (Calder, 1998). Dietary fat may increase the prevalence of cancer by depressing the tumor control mechanisms of the immune system.…”

Section: Dietary Lipids and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and immunocompetence

2002

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The increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity is a major health problem since excessive body weight constitutes a risk factor in a number of chronic diseases. It has been reported that obese individuals are more susceptible to infection than lean subjects; however, the underlying factors are not fully understood. Limited and often controversial information exists comparing immunocompetence in obese and nonobese subjects as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, although much evidence supports a link between adipose tissue metabolism and immunocompetent cell functions. The complexity and heterogeneity of nutritional status and immune system interactions require an integral study of the immunocompetent cells, their subsets and products, as well as specific and non-specific inducer=regulatory systems in situations of human obesity. Additional research is needed to determine the clinical implications of these alterations on immunity and whether various interventions such as weight loss, exercise or nutrient supplementation could help to ameliorate them.

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“…2). There have been numerous reviews of the influence of n-3 PUFA on many aspects of immune function in recent years (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) and the reader is referred to these articles for details beyond those provided in the following sections.…”

Section: Arachidonic Acid Eicosanoids and The Link With Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Session 3: Joint Nutrition Society and Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute Symposium on ‘Nutrition and autoimmune disease’ PUFA, inflammatory processes and rheumatoid arthritis

Calder

2008

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease manifested by swollen and painful joints, bone erosion and functional impairment. The joint lesions are characterised by infiltration of T lymphocytes, macrophages and B lymphocytes into the synovium and by synovial inflammation involving eicosanoids, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. In relation to inflammatory processes, the main fatty acids of interest are the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid, which is the precursor of inflammatory eicosanoids such as PGE2 and leukotriene B4, and the n-3 PUFA EPA and DHA, which are found in oily fish and fish oils. Eicosanoids derived from the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid play a role in RA, and the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in RA indicates the importance of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase pathway products of arachidonic acid in the pathophysiology of the disease. EPA and DHA inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism to inflammatory eicosanoids. EPA also gives rise to eicosanoid mediators that are less inflammatory than those produced from arachidonic acid and both EPA and DHA give rise to resolvins that are anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving. In addition to modifying the lipid mediator profile, n-3 PUFA exert effects on other aspects of immunity relevant to RA such as antigen presentation, T-cell reactivity and inflammatory cytokine production. Fish oil has been shown to slow the development of arthritis in an animal model and to reduce disease severity. Randomised clinical trials have demonstrated a range of clinical benefits in patients with RA that include reducing pain, duration of morning stiffness and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Dietary fatty acids and lymphocyte functions

Cited by 86 publications

References 92 publications

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on immune function in healthy volunteers

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on immune function in healthy volunteers

Obesity and immunocompetence

Session 3: Joint Nutrition Society and Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute Symposium on ‘Nutrition and autoimmune disease’ PUFA, inflammatory processes and rheumatoid arthritis

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