Dietary fat modifies the postprandial inflammatory state in subjects with metabolic syndrome: the LIPGENE study

Abstract

Scope Our aim was to investigate whether the inflammatory state associated to metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients is affected by diets with different fat quality and quantity. Methods and results Seventy‐five subjects from LIPGENE cohort were included in this feeding trial and randomly assigned to one of four diets: high saturated fatty acids (HSFA); high monounsaturated fatty acids (HMUFA) and two low‐fat, high complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, supplemented with long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LFHCC n‐3) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks each. A postprandial fat challenge, reflecting the intervention dietary fat composition, was conducted post‐intervention. The HMUFA diet significantly reduced postprandial nuclear transcription factor‐kappaB (NF‐kB) activity and the nuclear p65 protein levels relative to fasting values (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a postprandial decrease in this protein with the HMUFA diet compared with the HSFA and LFHCC diets (p < 0.05). The postprandial response of inhibitory molecule from NF‐kB mRNA levels increased with the HMUFA diet compared with the HSFA and LFHCC n‐3 diets (p < 0.05). Postprandial tumor necrosis factor‐α and Metalloproteinase 9 mRNA levels were also reduced after the HMUFA diet compared with the HSFA diet (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that the long‐term consumption of a healthy diet model with HMUFA attenuates the postprandial inflammatory state associated with MetS.

The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review

“…63 Certain stimuli result in phosphorylation, and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of IkB proteins allows the unbound NF-κB dimers to translocate to the nucleus, thereby regulating the expression of target genes. as well as higher IL-6 plasma concentrations, 27 thus suggesting that a greater inflammatory response would be expected in these subjects. In fact, non-dietary factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, can increase the extent of fatty acid postprandial inflammatory response.…”

Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

“…Cruz-Teno et al performed a randomized dietary intervention study with 75 subjects with metabolic syndrome allocated to 1 of 4 diets; high saturated fatty acids (HSFA); high monounsaturated fatty acids (HMUFA) and 2 low-fat, high complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (LFHCC n-3) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks, followed by a postprandial challenge [25•]. In the HMUFA diet group and 4 hours after the fat overload, a significant postprandial increase in the mRNA expression level of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IkB)- α compared with HSFA and LFHCC n-3 diets was observed [25•].…”

Multi-parameter comparison of a standardized mixed meal tolerance test in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects: the PhenFlex challenge

“…There is a strongly increasing interest in this type of biomarker in nutrition and health studies, demonstrating their use in uncovering early alterations in metabolism preceeding chronic diseases [9,[11][12][13][14]. Recently, it was shown that quantification of challenge response significantly contributes to demonstrating health effects of food and nutrition in dietary intervention studies [6,7,[14][15][16][17][18]. A standardized optimal nutritional challenge test was defined after performance of a systematic literature review [3].…”