Dietary fat influences the production of Th1‐ but not Th2‐derived cytokines

Wallace, Fiona; Yaqoob, Parveen; Miles, Elizabeth A.; Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1007/bf02562265

Cited by 93 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…41 In this study, feeding FO did not significantly modify IL-2 production in MLN cells stimulated with a polyclonal T-cell mitogen (ConA), indicating that increasing dietary (n-3) PUFA does not suppress T-cell function in obese JCR:LA-cp rats, which has been reported in healthy animals. [42][43][44][45] Overall, our study is supportive of the concept that FO may be beneficial in skewed Th2 states, as observed in the gut-associated lymph tissue of obese JCR:LA-cp rats.…”

Section: Effects Of Feeding Fo On Mln Immune Cell Functionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of feeding fish oil on mesenteric lymph node cytokine responses in obese leptin receptor-deficient JCR:LA-cp rats

2008

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Objective: Aberrant immune responses have been identified in obesity; however, immune cells of lymph nodes residing in the inflammatory environment of visceral adipose tissue have been largely overlooked. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can reduce inflammation and modify T-cell function and therefore may improve immune function in obesity. Thus, we determined the effects of feeding fish oil (FO) containing EPA and DHA on mesenteric lymph node (MLN) immune cell function. Methods: In this study, 14-week-old obese, leptin receptor-deficient JCR:LA-cp rats (cp/cp) (n ¼ 10 per group) were randomized to one of three nutritionally adequate diets for 3 weeks: control (ctl, 0% EPA þ DHA), low FO (LFO, 0.8% w/w EPA þ DHA) or high FO (HFO, 1.4% w/w EPA þ DHA). Lean JCR:LA-cp (Cp/cp or Cp/Cp) rats (n ¼ 5) were fed ctl diet. MLN cell phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition, phenotypes and cytokine production were measured. Results: Obese ctl rats produced more IL-1b, IL-4 and IL-10, despite a higher proportion of (nÀ3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a lower (nÀ6):(nÀ3) PUFA ratio in MLN PL compared with lean ctl rats (Po0.05). Concanavalin A-stimulated IL-2 production did not differ from lean rats even though obese ctl rats had a lower proportion of CD4 þ CD25 þ cells (Po0.05). Feeding FO to obese rats increased the incorporation of (nÀ3) PUFA into MLN PL and normalized production of IL-1b (HFO only), IL-4 and IL-10 to the levels similar to lean ctl rats (Po0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrate for the first time that obese JCR:LA-cp rats have impaired responses of MLN immune cells to mitogen stimulation and altered PL fatty acid composition. Feeding FO lowered the ex vivo inflammatory response (HFO only) and production of Th2 cytokines, without changing IL-2 production from ConA-stimulated splenocytes, which may occur independent of leptin signalling.

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Section: Effects Of Feeding Fo On Mln Immune Cell Functionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of feeding fish oil on mesenteric lymph node cytokine responses in obese leptin receptor-deficient JCR:LA-cp rats

2008

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“…They also suppress both innate (mainly inflammation) and adaptive (T cell mediated) immune responses, which can impair immunity to infectious and neoplastic disease. Fish oils have been shown to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lymphocytes and macrophages in mice (Wallace et al, 2001). In considering the use of these PUFAs in the elderly it is important to consider the possible drawbacks of n-3 PUFA supplementation in individuals that have impaired immune responses, and that high doses of n-3 PUFAs can increase lipid peroxidation (Bechoua et al, 2003) and suppress IL-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in older women (Meydani et al, 1991).…”

Section: Macronutrients: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, diet and immunosenescence

Maijó

Clements

Ivory

et al. 2014

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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Ageing is characterized by immunosenescence and the progressive decline in immunity in association with an increased frequency of infections and chronic disease. This complex process affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems with a progressive decline in most immune cell populations and defects in activation resulting in loss of function. Although host genetics and environmental factors, such as stress, exercise and diet can impact on the onset or course of immunosenescence, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. This review focusses on identifying the most significant aspects of immunosenescence and on the evidence that nutritional intervention might delay this process, and consequently improve the quality of life of the elderly. We would like to thank the reviewers for their careful review of our manuscript, which has been revised accordingly. Below, we have provided a point-by-point reply to the issues raised: AbstractAgeing is characterized by immunosenescence and the progressive decline in immunity in association with an increased frequency of infections and chronic disease. This complex process affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems with a progressive decline in most immune cell populations and defects in activation resulting in loss of function. Although host genetics and environmental factors, such as stress, exercise and diet can impact on the onset or course of immunosenescence, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. This review focusses on identifying the most significant aspects of immunosenescence and on the evidence that nutritional intervention might delay this process, and consequently improve the quality of life of the elderly.

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“…Animal feeding studies indicate that high levels of fish oil decrease natural killer cell activity, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, lymphocyte proliferation and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (see Calder, 1998b for references). Recent studies report that fish oil decreases production of IL-2 and IFN-g, but not of IL-4 by rodent lymphocytes (see Wallace et al, 2001 and references therein). These observations suggest that fish oil diminishes Th1-type responses.…”

Section: Effects Of Fish Oil On Inflammation and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%