Dietary Fat in Breast Cancer Survival

Makarem, Nour; Chandran, Urmila; Bandera, Elisa V.; Parekh, Niyati

doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-112912-095300

Cited by 65 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Circumstantial and epidemiological evidence indicates that overfeeding and obesity constitute negative prognostic factors with regard to the incidence, progression, and therapeutic response of several human malignancies (Casagrande et al, 2014; Gilbert and Slingerland, 2013; Makarem et al, 2013). In contrast, caloric restriction and fasting have been related to positive therapeutic outcome, both in animal models (Kalaany and Sabatini, 2009; Lee et al, 2012) and in humans subjected to voluntary fasting (Lee and Longo, 2011) or bariatric surgery (Tee et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) mimic the biochemical effects of nutrient deprivation by reducing lysine acetylation of cellular proteins, thus triggering autophagy. Treatment with the CRM hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase, induced the depletion of regulatory T cells (which dampen anticancer immunity) from autophagy-competent, but not autophagy-deficient, mutant KRAS-induced lung cancers in mice, thereby improving anticancer immunosurveillance and reducing tumor mass. Short-term fasting or treatment with several chemically unrelated autophagy-inducing CRMs, including hydroxycitrate and spermidine, improved the inhibition of tumor growth by chemotherapy in vivo. This effect was only observed for autophagy-competent tumors, depended on the presence of T lymphocytes, and was accompanied by the depletion of regulatory T cells from the tumor bed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The saturated fatty acid, palmitate, is a major component of the western diet and high levels of dietary intake correlate with a number of life style diseases including Type 2 diabetes and NAFLD 30, 109, 110 . Palmitic acid induces apoptosis in pancreatic β-cell lines as well as in hepatocytes 111, 112 .…”

Section: Lipofermatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid transport proteins: targeting FATP2 as a gatekeeper involved in the transport of exogenous fatty acids

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) are classified as members of the Solute Carrier 27 (Slc27) family of proteins based on their ability to function in the transport of exogenous fatty acids. These proteins, when localized to the plasma membrane or at intracellular membrane junctions with the endoplasmic reticulum, function as a gate in the regulated transport of fatty acids and thus represent a therapeutic target to delimit the acquisition of fatty acids that contribute to disease as in the case of fatty acid overload. To date, FATP1, FATP2, and FATP4 have been used as targets in the selection of small molecule inhibitors with the goal of treating insulin resistance and attenuating dietary absorption of fatty acids. Several studies targeting FATP1 and FATP4 were based on the intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase activity of these proteins and not on transport directly. While several classes of compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of fatty acid transport, in vivo studies using a mouse model failed to provide evidence these compounds were effective in blocking or attenuating fatty acid transport. Studies targeting FATP2 employed a naturally occurring splice variant, FATP2b, which lacks intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase due to the deletion of exon 3, yet is fully functional in fatty acid transport. These studies identified two compounds, 5′-bromo-5-phenyl-spiro[3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,3′-indoline]-2′-one), now referred to as Lipofermata, and 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one, now called Grassofermata, that are effective fatty acid transport inhibitors both in vitro using a series of model cell lines and in vivo using a mouse model.

show abstract

“…Several observational studies have suggested that high consumption of saturated fats 32 and high-fat dairy products may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer mortality. 3,33 One study involving 1893 women showed that high intake of high-fat dairy products (> 1 serving daily) was significantly more detrimental than an intake of less than 0.5 servings daily (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.00-2.24).…”

Section: Fatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,35 • Dietary saturated fat, especially from high-fat dairy products, may be associated with increased breast cancer mortality. 3,32,33 • Soy products have not been found to increase breast cancer recurrence 41 and may actually reduce it.…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle modifications for patients with breast cancer to improve prognosis and optimize overall health

Hamer

Warner

2017

CMAJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A lthough more than 90% of patients with breast cancer have early stage disease at diagnosis, about 25% will eventually die of distant metastasis.1 Many patients with breast cancer seek information from a variety of sources about behaviours that may reduce their risk of recurrence.2 Making positive lifestyle changes can also be psychologically beneficial to patients by empowering them, since the feeling of loss of control is one of biggest challenges of a cancer diagnosis.In this review, we identify which lifestyle changes can be recommended to patients as an adjunct to standard breast cancer treatments, to reduce their risk of distant recurrence and death. We review the role of lifestyle factors, particularly weight management, exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol intake and vitamin supplementation, on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Our literature search is summarized in Box 1.It is challenging to study lifestyle factors independently, because patients who are more physically active often are leaner, eat a healthier diet and are typically less likely to drink excessive amounts of alcohol or smoke; however, many studies try to adjust for these confounders.3 Another limitation is the potential impact of lifestyle factors before diagnosis. 4 Regrettably, but understandably, we found very few randomized trials. How does body weight influence the prognosis for breast cancer?Women who gain weight during or after treatment of breast cancer have been consistently shown to be at higher risk of breast cancer-related death.5-7 Also, women who are overweight or obese at the time of diagnosis have a poorer prognosis.8 Proposed mechanisms of how obesity might affect breast cancer mortality include a rise in circulating insulin-like growth factor, elevated circulating sex hormones and production of proinflammatory cytokines.9-12 Another possible mechanism is metabolic syndrome (presence of at least three of the following five components: abdominal obesity, hypertension, low level of highdensity lipoproteins, high plasma glucose level and high triglyceride levels). 13 In a recent study involving early stage breast cancer survivors, patients with metabolic syndrome were at significantly increased risk of distant metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-4.82) compared with those without the syndrome. 13Most patients with breast cancer gain weight both during and after active treatment, and much of the weight is never lost. The average reported weight gain is 2.5-5 kg, 5 but a gain of 10 kg or more is not uncommon.14 The reasons for weight gain are multifactorial and include "stress eating," reduced activity because of fatigue or other treatment-related adverse effects, lowered metabolic rate from chemotherapy, and use of pre-and post-chemotherapy medications such as dexamethasone.14 Weight gain is most common in women who experience treatment-related menopause and is often accompanied by relative fat gain and muscle loss. 15Several observational studies have shown that gaining weight dur...

show abstract

Dietary Fat in Breast Cancer Survival

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance

Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance

Fatty acid transport proteins: targeting FATP2 as a gatekeeper involved in the transport of exogenous fatty acids

Lifestyle modifications for patients with breast cancer to improve prognosis and optimize overall health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About