Dietary fat: exogenous determination of membrane structure and cell function

Clandinin, M. T.; Cheema, Sukhinder Kaur; Field, Catherine J.; Garg, Manohar L.; Venkatraman, Jaya T.; Clandinin, Thomas R.

doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916101

Cited by 245 publications

(156 citation statements)

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“…LPL has also been suggested as promoting the development of atherosclerosis by producing remnant lipoproteins by guest on May 10, 2018 http://atvb.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from on the endothelial surface. 42 Recently, macrophages have been shown to express LPL in atherosclerotic lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Modulation of macrophage secretory activities.

Renier

Skamene

Sanctis

et al. 1993

Arterioscler Thromb

178

109

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We examined the effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids on the development of the atherogenic process in mice and on the macrophage ability to secrete several effector molecules that may be involved in the atherogenic process. The secretion of inflammatory proteins such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and the production of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), nitrogen oxide (NO2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were evaluated in peritoneal macrophages isolated from atherosclerosis-susceptible C57BL/6J mice. The mice were assigned at random to three experimental groups: the first group was fed a semi-defined control diet (control diet); the second group was maintained on the control diet supplemented with 10% menhaden oil (menhaden diet); and the third group received the control diet supplemented with 10% palm oil plus 2% cholesterol (saturated fat diet). Macrophages derived from mice fed the menhaden diet showed a suppression of their basal TNF-alpha mRNA expression and production. They also presented a dramatically decreased ability to express TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNAs in response to exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with the macrophages from the control group. LPL mRNA and protein expression were downregulated after 6 and 15 weeks of menhaden-diet feeding. Significantly higher NO2 production in response to interferon gamma was found, both after 6 and 15 weeks of diet feeding, in the menhaden group compared with the control group. In addition, prostaglandin production and macrophage tumoricidal activity in response to LPS were decreased in this group compared with the control group. Macrophages derived from the saturated fat group did not show any significant alterations in TNF-alpha, LPL, NO2, or PGE2 secretion compared with controls. Interestingly, we observed a progressive increase of the LPS-induced IL-1 beta gene expression and secretion among macrophages harvested from mice receiving the dietary supplement of saturated fatty acids. At 6 and 15 weeks histologic examination of the atherosclerotic lesions did not reveal any important lesions in the control and menhaden groups, whereas a gradual development of fatty streaks was observed in the menhaden experimental diets for 10 additional weeks resulted in a major development of lesions in the control group, whereas only slight lesions were observed in the menhaden group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (Ig) G-peroxidase was added to the wells and incubated for 1 hour. The peroxidase reaction was developed by by guest on May 10, 2018 http://atvb.ahajournals.org/ Downloaded from adding peroxidase substrate and was read in an automated plate reader (Dynatech, Chantilly, Va).…”

Section: Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Modulation of macrophage secretory activities.

Renier

Skamene

Sanctis

et al. 1993

Arterioscler Thromb

178

109

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“…24 Part of these effects are related to changes in plasma membrane fatty acid composition 25 and eicosanoid biosynthesis. 26,27 On the other hand, n-3 PUFAs suppress fatty acid synthesis, 28 increase oxidation of fatty acids 28 and reduce triacylglycerol synthesis.…”

Section: Fat Cell Data and Fatty Acid Composition In Obesity M Garaulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between fat cell size and number and fatty acid composition in adipose tissue from different fat depots in overweight/obese humans

et al. 2006

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Objective: To evaluate the body fat distribution and fat cell size and number in an overweight/obese population from both genders, and to determine the possible relationship between fat cell data from three different adipose tissue localizations (subcutaneous (SA), perivisceral and omental) and adipose tissue composition and dietary fatty acid. Design: The sample consisted of 84 overweight/obese patients (29 men and 55 women) who have undergone abdominal surgery. The adipocyte size and total fat cell number was studied. Fat cell data were related with anthropometric, adipose tissue and subject's habitual diet fatty acid composition. Measurements: Fat cell size was measured according to a Sjöström method from the three adipose depots. Total fat cell number was also calculated. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was examined by gas chromatography. The subjects diet was studied by a 7 days dietary record. Results: Our data showed a negative relationship between the adipocyte size and the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids content of the SA adipose tissue (r ¼ À0.286, P ¼ 0,040; r ¼ À0.300, P ¼ 0.030) respectively, and the n-6 in the omental depots (r ¼ À0.407, P ¼ 0.049) in the total population. Positive associations with the total of saturated (r ¼ 0.357, P ¼ 0.045) and negative (r ¼ À0.544, P ¼ 0.001) with the n-9 fatty acids were observed when the relationship between the adipocyte number and the fatty acid composition of the different anatomical fat regions was studied. Dietary fatty acids composition positively correlated with fat cell size for the myristic acid (14:0) in men in the visceral depot (r ¼ 0.822, P ¼ 0.023), and for the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in women in the omental depot (r ¼ 0.486, P ¼ 0.035). Conclusion: In the present study, for the first time in humans we found that n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are related to a reduced adipocyte size according to the depot localization. In contrast, adipose tissue and dietary SFAs sinificantly correlated with an increase in fat cell size and number. No significant associations were found between n-9 acids content and adipocyte size. However, n-9 adipose tissue fatty acids content was inversely associated with fat cell number showing that this type of fatty acid could limit hyperplasia in obese populations. The differences observed in the three different regions, perivisceral, omental and SA fat, indicate that this population adipose tissue have depot-specific differences.

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“…It has been established that changes in dietary fat intake alter PUFA incorporation in cell membranes (Clandinin et al, 1991), where these compounds have different effects. They may induce immunosuppression through their actions on the arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) pathway (Meydani, 1996).…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Pufas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membrane incorporation of PUFAs may change cellular susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, alter membrane fluidity, receptor function, enzyme activity, and influence the production of lipid mediators (Wu & Meydani, 1998). At the intracellular level, PUFA incorporation may change the receptor-mediated stimulation of gene products or the transport of gene products from the nucleus (Clandinin et al, 1991).…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Pufas)mentioning

confidence: 99%