Dietary fat and low fiber in purified diets differently impact the gut-liver axis to promote obesity-linked metabolic impairments

Daniel, Noëmie; Perazza, Laís R; Varin, Thibault; Trottier, Jocelyn; Marcotte, Bruno; St-Pierre, Philippe; Barbier, Olivier; Chassaing, Benoît; Marette, André

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00028.2021

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Given the differences between PDs and GBDs, it should be clear that these 2 diet types should not be compared against each other while determining dietary effects on a given phenotype. This is particularly apparent when determining the theoretical underpinnings of how dietary effects on gut health and the microbiome drive changes in metabolic health outcomes, as suggested previously ( 17 , 50 , 51 ). Unfortunately, GBDs are frequently used as controls for many experimental studies testing effects of a PD (e.g., high-fat-diet studies), which leads to misinterpretation of results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Addition of Soluble Fiber in Low-Fat Purified Diets Maintains Cecal and Colonic Morphology, Modulates Bacterial Populations and Predicted Functions, and Improves Glucose Tolerance Compared with Traditional AIN Diets in Male Mice

Griffin

Radhakrishnan

Pellizzon

2022

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Background Purified diets (PDs) contain refined ingredients with one main nutrient, allowing for greater control relative to grain-based diets (GBDs), which contain unrefined grains and animal byproducts. Traditional PDs like the AIN-76A (76A) and AIN-93G (93G) can negatively impact metabolic and gut health when fed long-term, in part due to lower total fiber, no soluble fiber, and higher sucrose content. Objective Two studies were conducted to determine how PDs with reduced sucrose and increased fiber (soluble and insoluble) influence metabolic and gut health in mice compared to traditional AIN PDs or GBDs. Methods In study 1, C57Bl/6N mice (N = 75) consumed a GBD (5002), 76A, 93G, or 2 Open standard PDs (OSDs) with reduced sucrose and higher fiber for 88 days. Body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. In study 2, C57Bl/6N mice (N = 54) consumed either 2 GBDs (5001 or 5002) or OSDs with different types/levels of fiber for 14 days. Microbiome alterations and predicted functional metagenomic changes were measured. Results OSD marginally influenced body weight and adiposity, but improved glucose tolerance relative to 93G (p = 0.0131) and 76A (p = 0.0014). Cecal and colonic weights were lower in mice fed cellulose-based PDs compared to those fed GBDs and soluble fiber PDs. Soluble fiber diets reduced alpha diversity and showed similar beta diversity, which differed from cellulose fed PDs and GBDs. Certain genera associated with improved gut health such as Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia were significantly elevated by soluble fibers PDs (p≤0.01). Some metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism were affected by PDs. Conclusion PDs formulated with lower sucrose and increased fiber content, particularly soluble fiber, blunted elevations in metabolic parameters and favorably impacted microbiota and metagenome in C57BL/6N mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Addition of Soluble Fiber in Low-Fat Purified Diets Maintains Cecal and Colonic Morphology, Modulates Bacterial Populations and Predicted Functions, and Improves Glucose Tolerance Compared with Traditional AIN Diets in Male Mice

Griffin

Radhakrishnan

Pellizzon

2022

Current Developments in Nutrition

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“…Interest has been growing in the microbial genus Tyzzerella because higher relative abundance has been associated with a low‐quality diet (Liu et al, 2019 ) and a higher lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among other ailments (Daniel et al, 2021 ; Kelly et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). We found a notably lower relative abundance of Tyzzerella within the small intestine of urban A. speciosus (Figure 6 ; Table S10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary niche breadth influences the effects of urbanization on the gut microbiota of sympatric rodents

Anders

Mychajliw

Moustafa

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Cities are among the most extreme forms of anthropogenic ecosystem modification, and urbanization processes exert profound effects on animal populations through multiple ecological pathways. Increased access to human‐associated food items may alter species' foraging behavior and diet, in turn modifying the normal microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), ultimately impacting their health. It is crucial we understand the role of dietary niche breadth and the resulting shift in the gut microbiota as urban animals navigate novel dietary resources. We combined stable isotope analysis of hair and microbiome analysis of four gut regions across the GIT to investigate the effects of urbanization on the diet and gut microbiota of two sympatric species of rodents with different dietary niches: the omnivorous large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) and the relatively more herbivorous gray red‐backed vole (Myodes rufocanus). Both species exhibited an expanded dietary niche width within the urban areas potentially attributable to novel anthropogenic foods and altered resource availability. We detected a dietary shift in which urban A. speciosus consumed more terrestrial animal protein and M. rufocanus more plant leaves and stems. Such changes in resource use may be associated with an altered gut microbial community structure. There was an increased abundance of the presumably probiotic Lactobacillus in the small intestine of urban A. speciosus and potentially pathogenic Helicobacter in the colon of M. rufocanus. Together, these results suggest that even taxonomically similar species may exhibit divergent responses to urbanization with consequences for the gut microbiota and broader ecological interactions.

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“…Given the differences between PDs and GBDs, it should be clear that these two diet types should not be compared against each other while determining dietary effects on a given phenotype. This is particularly apparent when determining the theoretical underpinnings of how dietary effects on gut health and the microbiome drive changes in metabolic health outcomes, as suggested previously (17,46,47). Unfortunately, GBDs are frequently used as controls for many experimental studies testing effect of a PD (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of soluble fiber in low fat purified diets improves gut and metabolic health compared to traditional AIN diets

Griffin¹,

Radhakrishnan

Pellizzon

2022

Preprint

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Background: Purified diets (PDs) contain refined ingredients with one main nutrient, allowing for greater control relative to grain-based diets (GBDs), which contain unrefined grains and animal byproducts. Traditional PDs like the AIN-76A (76A) and AIN-93G (93G) can negatively impact metabolic and gut health when fed long-term, in part due to lower total fiber, no soluble fiber, and higher sucrose content. Objective: Two studies were conducted to determine how PDs with reduced sucrose and increased fiber (soluble and insoluble) influence metabolic and gut health in mice compared to traditional AIN PDs or GBDs. Methods: In study 1, C57Bl/6N mice consumed a GBD (5002), 76A, 93G, or 2 Open standard PDs (OSDs) with reduced sucrose and higher fiber for 88 days. Body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. In study 2, C57Bl/6N mice consumed either 2 GBDs (5001 or 5002) or OSDs with different types/levels of fiber for 14 days. Microbiome alterations and predicted functional metagenomic changes were measured. Results: OSD marginally influenced body weight and adiposity, but improved glucose tolerance relative to 93G (p = 0.0131) and 76A (p = 0.0014). Cecal and colonic weights were lower in mice fed cellulose-based PDs compared to those fed GBDs and soluble fiber PDs. Soluble fiber diets reduced alpha diversity and showed similar beta diversity, which differed from cellulose fed PDs and GBDs. Certain genera associated with improved gut health such as Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia were significantly elevated by soluble fibers PDs (p≤0.01). Some metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism were affected by PDs. Conclusion: PDs formulated with lower sucrose and increased fiber content, particularly soluble fiber, blunted elevations in metabolic parameters and favorably impacted microbiota and metagenome in C57BL/6N mice.

show abstract

Dietary fat and low fiber in purified diets differently impact the gut-liver axis to promote obesity-linked metabolic impairments

Cited by 16 publications

References 101 publications

Addition of Soluble Fiber in Low-Fat Purified Diets Maintains Cecal and Colonic Morphology, Modulates Bacterial Populations and Predicted Functions, and Improves Glucose Tolerance Compared with Traditional AIN Diets in Male Mice

Addition of Soluble Fiber in Low-Fat Purified Diets Maintains Cecal and Colonic Morphology, Modulates Bacterial Populations and Predicted Functions, and Improves Glucose Tolerance Compared with Traditional AIN Diets in Male Mice

Dietary niche breadth influences the effects of urbanization on the gut microbiota of sympatric rodents

Addition of soluble fiber in low fat purified diets improves gut and metabolic health compared to traditional AIN diets

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