Dietary factors, hormesis and health

Mattson, Mark P.

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.004

Cited by 257 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Resveratrol can activate several cellular stress response pathways including those involving AMPK, Akt and the histone deacetylase Sirt1 (Mattson, 2008;Sun et al, 2010;Turan et al, 2012). Recent findings indicate that resveratrol inhibits a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase resulting in an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP and calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum and that, as a result, NAD+ levels increase and Sirt1 is activated .…”

Section: Challenge 3: Noxious Dietary Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging Oneself Intermittently to Improve Health

Mattson

2014

Dose-Response

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h Humans and their predecessors evolved in environments where they were challenged intermittently with: 1) food scarcity; 2) the need for aerobic fitness to catch/kill prey and avoid or repel attackers; and 3) exposure to biological toxins present in foodstuffs. Accordingly, cells and organ systems acquired and retained molecular signaling and metabolic pathways through which the environmental challenges enhanced the functionality and resilience of the cells and organisms. Within the past 60 years there has been a precipitous diminution of such challenges in modern societies because of the development of technologies that provide a continuous supply of energy-dense processed foods and that largely eliminate the need for physical exertion. As a consequence of the modern 'couch potato' lifestyle, signaling pathways that mediate beneficial effects of environmental challenges on health and disease resistance are disengaged, thereby rendering people vulnerable to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Reversal of the epidemic of diseases caused by unchallenging lifestyles will require a society-wide effort to re-introduce intermittent fasting, exercise and consumption of plants containing hormetic phytochemicals into daily and weekly routines.

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Section: Challenge 3: Noxious Dietary Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging Oneself Intermittently to Improve Health

Mattson

2014

Dose-Response

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“…This includes the activation of signaling pathways that result in increased expression of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins. It is therefore suggested that hormetic mechanisms of action may underlie many of the health benefits of phytochemicals including their action against cancer drug resistance (Mattson, 2008).…”

Section: Safety Concerns For Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents

Doughari¹

2012

Phytochemicals - A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health

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“…Therefore, current problems are to understand how the genetic factors influencing ageing and longevity are predicted to respond to fluctuating environments. Among environmental factors, nutrition plays a very important role in view of its high impact on gene expression, protein production and epigenetic mechanisms implicated in regulating the life span [96]. Despite the exact contribution of nutrition to human longevity remains unknown, some dietary patterns with likely different impact on long-term disease occurrence and survival have been identified.…”

Section: Human Genes and Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc–gene interaction related to inflammatory/immune response in ageing

Mocchegiani

Malavolta

2008

Genes Nutr

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The pivotal role played by zinc-gene interaction in affecting some relevant cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-a) and heat shock proteins (HSP70-2) in ageing, successful ageing (nonagenarians) and the most common age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and infections, is now recognized. The polymorphisms of genes codifying proteins related to the inflammation are predictive on one hand in longevity, on the other hand they are associated with atherosclerosis or severe infections. Since the health lifespan has a strong genetic component, which in turn also affected by nutritional factors like zinc, the association of these polymorphisms with innate immune response, zinc ion bioavailability and Metallothioneins (MT) homeostasis is an useful tool to unravel the role played by zinc-gene interactions in longevity, especially due to the inability of MT in zinc release in ageing and chronic inflammation. In ageing, this last fact leads to depressed innate immune response for host defence. In contrast, in very old age the inflammation is lower with subsequent more zinc ion bioavailability, less MT gene expression and satisfactory innate immunity. Therefore, the zinc-gene (IL-6, TNF-a, Hsp70-2) interactions, via MT homeostasis, are crucial to achieve successful ageing. Human genes and longevityAgeing is a universal phenomenon that affects nearly all of animal species. According to Helfand and Rogina [69], ageing can be characterized as: (1) an inevitable consequence of being a multicellular organism; (2) associated with a random, passive decline in function; (3) leading to a global loss of homeostasis over time and (4) mortality increasing with ageing. Evolutionary studies on ageing have drawn the attention on the importance of the genetic mechanisms involved in somatic maintenance and repair that secure longevity [82]. Evidence from model organisms has indicated that subtle variation in the genes can dramatically influence lifespan. However, findings on potential candidate genetic mechanisms determining ageing and lifespan in model organisms are far to explain variations in human populations because phenotypes are critically dependent on the setting in which genes are expressed, while laboratory conditions and modern environments are markedly dissimilar [86]. Genetic analysis of human ageing is mainly approached by searching the genetic basis of susceptibility to major geriatric disorders or the allelic contributions to exceptionally long life span. It is just thanks to these last studies in centenarians populations that several candidate longevity genes or pathways including PON1 [19,130], IGF1/insulin pathway [84,120], elements of lipid metabolism [12], stress response [34] and inflammatory response have been identified [53].Genes related to inflammation and stress response, in particular the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNFalpha, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the HSP70 chaperones and the regulators of trace elements homeostasis, metallothioneins (MT), seem particularly relevant taking into accoun...

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Dietary factors, hormesis and health

Cited by 257 publications

References 58 publications

Challenging Oneself Intermittently to Improve Health

Challenging Oneself Intermittently to Improve Health

Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents

Zinc–gene interaction related to inflammatory/immune response in ageing

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