Dietary Factors and Modulation of Bacteria Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are highly abundant human gut microbes in healthy individuals, and reduced levels are associated with inflammation and alterations of metabolic processes involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. Dietary factors can influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii, but the evidence is not clear. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase to identify clinical trials investigating any dietary intervention in relation to A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. Overall, 29 unique trials were included, of which five examined A. muciniphila, 19 examined F. prausnitzii, and six examined both, in a total of 1444 participants. A caloric restriction diet and supplementation with pomegranate extract, resveratrol, polydextrose, yeast fermentate, sodium butyrate, and inulin increased the abundance of A. muciniphila, while a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols decreased the abundance of A. muciniphila. For F. prausnitzii, the main studied intervention was prebiotics (e.g. fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin type fructans, raffinose); seven studies reported an increase after prebiotic intervention, while two studies reported a decrease, and four studies reported no difference. Current evidence suggests that some dietary factors may influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. However, more research is needed to support these microflora strains as targets of microbiome shifts with dietary intervention and their use as medical nutrition therapy in prevention and management of chronic disease.

Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in Obesity: Interactions With Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response and Gut Systems

“…Therefore, we should conduct a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled pilot study to determine the effects of A. muciniphila on rodents or humans and also to ensure experimental reproducibility. Moreover, although we can form a conclusion about the extraordinary achievement made by A. muciniphila and understand its molecular mechanism in treating obesity, we are unable to quantify the content of A. muciniphila that constitutes an effective dosage (Verhoog et al, 2019). Furthermore, A. muciniphila colonization is extensively different in different human groups; for instance, residents of Southern China had a high rate of A. muciniphila, and over 12 different subtype strains resided in their guts (Guo et al, 2016).…”

“…As the major environmental factor for intestinal microbiota, dietary intervention, as a healthy lifestyle approach to treating obesity, has been proved to be beneficial for intestine homeostasis and to be strongly associated with a remarkable change in A. muciniphila abundance in the gut (Anhe et al, 2016). Dietary interventions for reducing obesity have been suggested that focus on calorie restriction, energy reduction, or a diet rich in prebiotic fibers, all of which are associated with an increased level of A. muciniphila in the host (Verhoog et al, 2019). For example, clinical trials have shown a significant increase in A. muciniphila in a calorie restriction study of 49 overweight and obese adults (Stenman et al, 2016).…”

Healthy Protection Of Bergamot Is Linked To The Modulation Of Microbiota

“…In our experiment, a reduction in Faecalibacterium was also observed: in the same paper of Gao the reduction is found in obese subjects, indicating for the latter a non-positive balance. However, in a very recent paper [29] an increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is believed to be a good indicator of a health condition. In this regard, we must to underline that a large number of study on microbiome in different conditions (such as healthy or ill population, gender differences) do not allow the formulation of unique conclusions.…”

Disease severity and proton pump inhibitor use impact strongest on faecal microbiome composition in liver cirrhosis

“…So far only one species of this order has been described in human faeces: Akkermansia muciniphila . A loss of Akkermansia muciniphila has been associated with metabolic diseases and the abundance may be influenced by diet …”

“…A loss of Akkermansia muciniphila has been associated with metabolic diseases and the abundance may be influenced by diet. 68 Changes in microbiome composition in cirrhosis impact intestinal barrier function and lead to intestinal and systemic inflammation due to translocation of bacterial products to the liver and also to the systemic circulation. This concept of a crosstalk between gut, liver and immune system -the so called gut-liver axis-is widely implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease and a promising therapeutic target.…”