Dietary factors and breast cancer risk in Vaud, Switzerland

Levi, Fabio; Vecchia, Carlo La; Gulie, Cristina; Negri, Eva

doi:10.1080/01635589309514263

Cited by 144 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Of 18 case-control studies, 14 (LaVecchia et al, 1987;Katsouyanni et al, 1988;Rohan et al, 1988;Iscovich et al, 1989;van 't Veer et al, 1990;Graham et al, 1991;Ingram et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991;Zaridze et al, 1991;London et al, 1992;Levi et al, 1993;Holmberg et al, 1994;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) observed a reduced risk of breast cancer among those in the highest category of carotenoid intake, whereas four (Marubini et al, 1988;Toniolo et al, 1989;Ewertz and Gill, 1990;Richardson et al, 1991) observed no reduction in risk. Of the inverse associations, six (Graham et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1991;Zaridze et al, 1991;Holmberg et al, 1994;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) were statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of 13 case-control studies, six (La Vecchia et al, 1987;Katsouyanni et al, 1988;Marubini et al, 1988;Zaridze et al, 1991;London et al, 1992;Negri et al, 1996) report inverse associations, and seven (Rohan et al, 1988;Toniolo et al, 1989;Graham et al, 1991;Ingram et al, 1991;Richardson et al, 1991;Levi et al, 1993;Yuan et al, 1995) report null or positive findings. Of the case-control studies reporting inverse associations, only one (Negri et al, 1996) approaches statistical significance at the highest category of intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of 13 case-control studies to evaluate vitamin C intake, eight (Iscovich et al, 1989;Graham et al, 1991;Zaridze et al, 1991;Levi et al, 1993;Landa et al, 1994;Yuan et al, 1995;Freudenheim et al, 1996;Negri et al, 1996) report odds ratios of less than 0.8, and five (Graham et al, 1982;Katsouyanni et al, 1988;Toniolo et al, 1989;Ingram et al, 1991;Holmberg et al, 1994) report odds ratios greater than or equal to 1.0. Howe et al (1990), in a combined analysis of the data from nine case-control studies, reported an odds ratio of 0.69 (P<0.0001) for the highest quintile of vitamin C intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

et al. 1998

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Although several dietary compounds are hypothesized to have anticarcinogenic properties, the role ofpecific micronutrients in the development of breast cancer remains unclear. To address this issue, we assessed intake of retinol, β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E in relation to breast cancer risk in a case–control study in Greece. Eight hundrednd twenty women with histologically confirmed breast cancer were compared with 1548 control women. Dietary data were collectedhrough a 115-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were modelled by logistic regression, with adjustment forotal energy intake and established breast cancer risk factors, as well as mutual adjustment among the micronutrients. Amongost-menopausal women, there was no association between any of the micronutrients evaluated and risk of breast cancer. Amongremenopausal women, β-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E were each inversely associated with breast cancer risk, but afterutual adjustment among the three nutrients only β-carotene remained significant; the odds ratio (OR) for a one-quintilencrease in β-carotene intake was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.97). The inverse association observed with β-carotene intake, however, is slightly weaker than the association previously observed with vegetable intake in these data,aising the possibility that the observed β-carotene effect is accounted for by another component of vegetables. ©1999 Cancer Research Campaign

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

et al. 1998

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“…However, in this study the cereal products represented also the main source of dietary fiber suggesting these were not refined cereals. Associations of sugar intake=confectionery with breast cancer have been reported in at least eight studies; two were direct ( Franceschi et al, 1995;Favero et al, 1998), one inverse after adjustment for macronutrient energy (Zaridze et al, 1991), while the remaining showed no consistent association (Rohan et al, 1988;Iscovich et al, 1989, Ewertz & Gill 1990Ingram et al, 1991;Levi et al, 1993, Franceschi et al, 1996; Table 10). …”

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

et al. 2002

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Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the glycemic index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the glycemic index in the prevention and management of these disease states. Background: The glycemic index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low glycemic index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety. Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the glycemic index may influence chronic disease.

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“…The relative risk of breast cancer comparing the highest with the lowest category of intake was extracted from each study. Relative risks and CIs were calculated for three studies (Graham et al, 1982(Graham et al, , 1991Yuan et al, 1995) and confidence intervals were calculated for five studies (Hirayama, 1978;Kinlen, 1982;Levi et al, 1993;Landa et al, 1994;Toniolo et al, 1994) by cell frequencies shown in the data or standard error values (Fleiss, 1981), and are thus unadjusted for other variables. If the risk of breast cancer associated with the dietary variables was expressed in more than one way, the estimate extracted from the study was the one that reflected the greatest degree of controlling for confounders (i.e.…”

Section: Extraction and Classification Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fat and breast cancer risk revisited: a meta-analysis of the published literature

et al. 2003

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Animal experiments and human ecological studies suggest that dietary fat intake is associated with a risk of breast cancer, but individual-based studies have given contradictory results. We have carried out a meta-analysis of this association to include all papers published up to July 2003. Case -control and cohort studies that examined the association of dietary fat, or fat-containing foods, with risk of breast cancer were identified. A total of 45 risk estimates for total fat intake were obtained. Descriptive data from each study were extracted with an estimate of relative risk and its associated 95% confidence interval (CI), and were analysed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. The summary relative risk, comparing the highest and lowest levels of intake of total fat, was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03 -1.25). Cohort studies (N ¼ 14) had a summary relative risk of 1.11 (95% CI: 0.99 -1.25) and case -control studies (N ¼ 31) had a relative risk of 1.14 (95% CI 0.99 -1.32). Significant summary relative risks were also found for saturated fat (RR, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06 -1.35) and meat intake (RR, 1.17; 95% CI 1.06 -1.29). Combined estimates of risk for total and saturated fat intake, and for meat intake, all indicate an association between higher intakes and an increased risk of breast cancer. Case -control and cohort studies gave similar results. British Journal of Cancer (2003) Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide (Lacey et al, 2002). Large differences in rates of the disease exist between countries, with higher rates in North America and Western Europe, and lower rates in Asia and South America (Lacey et al, 2002). These differences are likely to be due to environmental rather than genetic factors. The rates of breast cancer change in migrants from low-to high-risk countries, who eventually acquire the rates of their adopted country (Ziegler et al, 1993;Pike et al, 2002). Menstrual and reproductive risk factors for breast cancer do not appear to account for these differences in rates (Wu et al, 1996).The differences in dietary practices between countries are well established, and could contribute to the differences in breast cancer risk. Support for an influence of dietary fat on breast cancer rates comes from its effect on mammary carcinogenesis in animals, and human ecological data.Two major meta-analyses, combining results from over 140 studies examining the relationship between dietary fat and breast cancer risk in rats and mice, show dietary fat to be a promoter of mammary carcinogenesis (Fay et al, 1997). This effect is independent of the effects of caloric intake (Freedman et al, 1990). Human ecological studies show a strong correlation (0.7 or more) between dietary fat intake, estimated from national food balance data, and incidence and mortality of breast cancer worldwide. (Prentice and Sheppard, 1990).However, case -control and cohort studies that have examined the relationship between dietary fat and breast cancer risk...

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Dietary factors and breast cancer risk in Vaud, Switzerland

Cited by 144 publications

References 31 publications

Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece

Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review

Dietary fat and breast cancer risk revisited: a meta-analysis of the published literature

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