Dietary exposure to aflatoxin from maize and groundnut in young children from Benin and Togo, West Africa

Egal, S; Hounsa, Assomption; Gong, Yun; Turner, PC; Wild, C.; Hall, A. J.; Hell, K.; Cardwell, Kitty F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.03.004

Cited by 165 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[37][38][39] In West Africa, studies by Gong et al and Egal et al have shown that 90% of children in Benin and Togo were exposed to aflatoxins in maize and groundnuts, which led to a measurable impairment of child growth. 38,[40][41][42] As a result of international trade in staple foods, the health impacts of aflae e toxin can extend far beyond local come e munities.…”

Section: Aflatoxins Agriculture and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The links between agriculture and health: an intersectoral opportunity to improve the health and livelihoods of the poor

Hawkes

Ruel

2006

Bull World Health Organ

111

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Agriculture and health are linked in many ways. First, agriculture is essential for good health: it produces the world's food, fibre and materials for shelter; in many countries it is also an important source of livelihood among the poor. At the same time, agriculture can be linked with poor health, including malnutrition, malaria, foodborne illnesses, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), livestock-related diseases, chronic diseases and occupational ill-health.Health also affects agriculture: people's health status influences the demand for agricultural outputs, and in agricultural communities, poor health reduces work performance, reducing income and productivity and perpetuating a downward spiral into ill-health.This paper presents an overview of the bidirectional links between agriculture and health with a focus on the developing world. It develops a conceptual framework that brings together the various links between agriculture and health into a single broad framework. The framework comprises the core components of the agricultural supply chain (producers, systems and outputs), key health concerns and the mechanisms of common interaction between the agricultural and health components: income, labour, environment and access -all key social determinants of health.These links between agriculture and health present an opportunity for the two sectors to work together to find solutions to each other's problems. Yet the health and agricultural sectors remain poorly coordinated. Leadership from global health and agricultural institutions is needed to build policies and good governance to facilitate integration, while capacity building is needed at all levels to help translate the conceptual links into comprehensive action on the ground. Health and agricultural researchers likewise need to work more closely together to achieve common goals. Voir page 989 le résumé en français. En la página 989 figura un resumen en español.

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Section: Aflatoxins Agriculture and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The links between agriculture and health: an intersectoral opportunity to improve the health and livelihoods of the poor

Hawkes

Ruel

2006

Bull World Health Organ

111

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“…These toxins have been incriminated as the cause of high mortality in livestock and some cases of death in human being (Mori et al, 1998;Egal et al, 2005). Among all classes of aflatoxins, aflatoxin B 1 is known to be the most significant in terms of animal and human health risk (Coulombe, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of some plant extracts

Al-Rahmah¹,

Mostafa²,

Abdel-Megeed³

2011

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The efficiency of five methanolic plant extracts obtained from Euclayptus globolus, Olea europaea, Salvadora persica, Thymus vulgaris and Ziziphus spina-christi were investigated for their inhibitory effect on the growth and aflatoxin B 1 production of the toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain isolated from wheat seeds. Extract of T. vulgaris showed the highest antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities as aflatoxin B 1 production was absolutely arrested at 5 mg/ml, while the mycelial growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited at 15 mg/ml. E. globolus and O. europaea extracts showed a moderate antifungal activities and exhibited a significant antiaflatoxigenic efficiency as they inhibited aflatoxin B 1 production at 15 mg/ml. On the other hand, S. persica showed weak antifungal activities while no effect was detected with Z. spina-christi extract. The analysis of plant extracts by GC/MS revealed that T. vulgaris extract was mainly composed by thymol (38.73%), carvacrol (19.31%) and ρ-cimene (10.13%), O. europaea extract was composed by anthracenedione (20.63%), terbutaline (13.96%) and propiolic acid (12.02%) while eucalyptol (30.62%), globulol (18.94%) and silane (9.13%) were the principal components of E. globolus extract. These extracts of T. vulgaris, E. globolus and O. europaea which are effective and environmentally safe are promising for protecting wheat seeds against aflatoxigenic strain of A. flavus.

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“…It was previously reported that aflatoxin and fumonisin was related to storage structures (Hell et al, 2010;Fandohan et al, 2005), insect infestation (Udoh et al, 2000;Hell et al, 2000;Fandohan et al, 2005), length of storage time (Orsi et al, 2000;Egal et al, 2005), climatic conditions Milani, 2013), sorting (Hell and Mutegi, 2011), Drying methods (Atukwase et al, 2009). …”

Section: Total Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination In Storage Beansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination of at-harvest and Storage Beans in Babati District, Northern Tanzania

Nyangi¹

2016

GJAS

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The natural occurrence of total aflatoxin and fumonisin was determined in 38 bean at-harvest samples and 106 storage beans samples in the year 2013 in Babati District Northern Tanzania. Quantification for total aflatoxin and fumonisin was done using Enzymes Linked Immunosorbent Assay -ELISA (Reveal AccuScan ® Neogen, USA), and the results were confirmed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Eighteen percent (7/38) of bean at harvest samples were contaminated with up to 3 µg/kg aflatoxins and no bean sample was contaminated with fumonisins. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the concentration of aflatoxins and fumonisins with climatic zones and agronomic practices. Only bean samples from the high altitude high rain zone were contaminated with aflatoxins (mean level of 1.53 µg/kg). For storage beans, samples from Seloto village were associated with higher aflatoxin concentration (mean of 3.74 µg/kg) and those from Long village were associated with higher fumonisin levels (mean of 9.0 mg/kg). These results indicate that beans consumers in the study area are exposed to the danger of chronic exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin poisoning. Thus, those practices that reduce contamination should be adopted by all farmers in the study area to reduce the health hazards associated with consumption of contaminated beans. This also calls for further research to investigate human exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin in the study area.

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Dietary exposure to aflatoxin from maize and groundnut in young children from Benin and Togo, West Africa

Cited by 165 publications

References 19 publications

The links between agriculture and health: an intersectoral opportunity to improve the health and livelihoods of the poor

The links between agriculture and health: an intersectoral opportunity to improve the health and livelihoods of the poor

Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of some plant extracts

Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination of at-harvest and Storage Beans in Babati District, Northern Tanzania

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