Dietary exposure assessment of sum deoxynivalenol forms, sum T-2/HT-2 toxins and zearalenone from cereal-based foods and beer

Ostrý, Vladimír; Dofková, Marcela; Blahová, Jitka; Malíř, František; Kavřík, Radek; Řehůřková, Irena; Ruprich, Jiří

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111280

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Similarly, a much lower dietary intake was documented by Cano-Sancho et al [ 41 ] in pasta samples, which was 27 to 38 ng kg −1 body weight day −1 . In another study, the 95th percentile exposure of total DON forms was determined in children, from 648 to 1030 ng/kg bw/day (LB/lower bound/and UB/upper bound), in women from 272 to 490 ng/kg bw/day, and in men from 362 to 923 ng/kg bw/day [ 42 ]. In Romania, the dietary exposure of DON in wheat-based products for direct human consumption was 669 ng/kg bw/day (LB), and 690 ng/kg bw/day (UB) in the adult population [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake

Iqbal

Usman

Razis

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The main goal of the present research was to explore the seasonal variation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat, corn, and their products, collected during 2018–2019. Samples of 449 of wheat and products and 270 samples of corn and their products were examined using reverse-phase liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The findings of the present work showed that 104 (44.8%) samples of wheat and products from the summer season, and 91 (41.9%) samples from winter season were contaminated with DON (concentration limit of detections (LOD) to 2145 µg/kg and LOD to 2050 µg/kg), from summer and winter seasons, respectively. In corn and products, 87 (61.2%) samples from summer and 57 (44.5%) samples from winter season were polluted with DON with levels ranging from LOD to 2967 µg/kg and LOD to 2490 µg/kg, from the summer and winter season, respectively. The highest dietary intake of DON was determined in wheat flour 8.84 µg/kg body weight/day from the summer season, and 7.21 µg/kg body weight/day from the winter season. The findings of the work argued the need to implement stringent guidelines and create awareness among farmers, stakeholders, and traders of the harmful effect of DON. It is mostly observed that cereal crops are transported and stockpiled in jute bags, which may absorb moisture from the environment and produce favorable conditions for fungal growth. Therefore, these crops must store in polyethylene bags during transportation and storage, and moisture should be controlled. It is highly desirable to use those varieties that are more resistant to fungi attack. Humidity and moisture levels need to be controlled during storage and transportation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake

Iqbal

Usman

Razis

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…TCT involved in this review (DON (PubChem CID: 40024), NIV (PubChem CID: 5284433), T-2 toxin (T-2) (PubChem CID: 5284461) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2) (PubChem CID: 10093830) [47]) are reported to have genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and hematoxic effects [68,[74][75][76]. According to IARC, TCT (DON, NIV, T-2) are classified in group 3 "Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans" [52].…”

Section: Trichothecenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Mycotoxins and Microfungi in Spices in the Light of the Last Five Years

Pickova

Ostrý

Malir

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Spices are imported worldwide mainly from developing countries with tropical and/or subtropical climate. Local conditions, such as high temperature, heavy rainfall, and humidity, promote fungal growth leading to increased occurrence of mycotoxins in spices. Moreover, the lack of good agricultural practice (GAP), good manufacturing practice (GMP), and good hygienic practice (GHP) in developing countries are of great concern. This review summarizes recent data from a total of 56 original papers dealing with mycotoxins and microfungi in various spices in the last five years. A total of 38 kinds of spices, 17 mycotoxins, and 14 microfungi are discussed in the review. Worldwide, spices are rather overlooked in terms of mycotoxin regulations, which usually only cover aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA). In this paper, an extensive attention is devoted to the limits on mycotoxins in spices in the context of the European Union (EU) as well as other countries. As proven in this review, the incidence of AFs and OTA, as well as other mycotoxins, is relatively high in many spices; thus, the preparation of new regulation limits is advisable.

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“…Studies by Ostry et al [25] concerning the exposure of Czech consumers to mycotoxins, showed lower ZEA level for wheat flour (0.76 μg kg -1 ) and pasta (0.57 μg kg -1 ). According to Juan et al [26], there was no this toxin in foods intended for infants and young children.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Level of contamination with deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins in cereal products – assessment of consumer exposure

Pokrzywa¹,

Surma²

2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Objective. The main aim of this study was to determine the content of mycotoxins, such as: deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins (FUM) in cereal products, and such products intended for infants. The secondary objective was to assess consumer exposure to the DON, ZEA and FUM occurring in cereal products, including those intended for infants and young children. Materials and method. The study included cereals and cereal products such as flours, grits, pastas, products of the bakery industry, snacks and cereal products intended for infants and young children, available in retail outlets in the Małopolska Province of Poland. DON content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a DAD detector, while the contents of ZEA and FUM were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results. The determined concentration of mycotoxins exceeded the maximum level specified in food law in only two cases. DON level in maize flour was 1511.0 μg kg -1 and exceeded the maximal residue level (MRL) set at 750.0 μg kg -1 . The value of MRL for ZEA was over the permissible value of 75.0 μg kg -1 in the maize flour sample only, and was 212.0 μg kg -1 . None of the samples examined was beyond the permissible level of FUM. Conclusions. Levels higher than those permissible for the examined cereal products were noted in only two cases. FUMs were the most commonly found Fusarium mycotoxins, followed by DON and ZEA. The mean exposure doses of the assessed mycotoxins, resulting from the consumption of cereal products in the selected populations, were at low levels (reaching a maximum of 6.81%) and did not exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) or provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI). Therefore, the observed average chronic exposure dose not pose a health risk to consumers.

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Dietary exposure assessment of sum deoxynivalenol forms, sum T-2/HT-2 toxins and zearalenone from cereal-based foods and beer

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake

Assessment of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat, Corn and Its Products and Estimation of Dietary Intake

A Review on Mycotoxins and Microfungi in Spices in the Light of the Last Five Years

Level of contamination with deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins in cereal products – assessment of consumer exposure

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