Dietary essential fatty acids and gender-specific behavioral responses in cranially irradiated rats

Elkin, T. David; Wollan, Michael O; Anderson, Stacy; Gaston, Robert; Meyer, William R.; Fuemmeler, Bernard F.; Holloway, Frank; Martin, Rex E.

doi:10.2147/nedt.2006.2.3.365

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Enclosures were thoroughly cleaned and dried following each session. Averaged ASR magnitudes were normalized by weight to eliminate confounding factors associated with body weight (Weight-corrected ASR = maximum startle magnitude in mV divided by body weight at testing day) (Elkin et al, 2006;Gogos et al, 1999;Grimsley et al, 2015;Kalyan-Masih et al, 2016;Vega-Torres et al, 2018).…”

Section: Acoustic Startle Reflex (Asr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early maturational emergence of adult-like emotional reactivity and anxiety after brief exposure to an obesogenic diet

Vega-Torres

Azadian

Rios-Orsini

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Emerging evidence demonstrates that diet-induced obesity disrupts corticolimbic circuits underlying emotional regulation. Studies directed at understanding how obesity alters brain and behavior are easily confounded by a myriad of complications related to obesity. This study investigated the early neurobiological stress response triggered by an obesogenic diet. Furthermore, this study directly determined the combined impact of a short-term obesogenic diet and adolescence on critical behavioral and molecular substrates implicated in emotion regulation and stress.Methods: Adolescent (postnatal day 31) or adult (postnatal day 81) Lewis rats were fed for one week with an experimental Western-like high-saturated fat diet (WD, 41% kcal from fat) or a matched control diet (CD, 13% kcal from fat). We used the acoustic fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm to determine the effects of the WD on cued fear conditioning and fear extinction. We used c-Fos mapping to determine the functional influence of the diet and stress on corticolimbic circuits. Results:We report that one-week WD consumption was sufficient to induce fear extinction deficits in adolescent rats, but not in adult rats. We identify fear-induced alterations in corticolimbic neuronal activation and demonstrate increased prefrontal cortex CRHR1 mRNA levels in the rats that consumed the WD. Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that short-term consumption of an obesogenic diet during adolescence heightens behavioral and molecular vulnerabilities associated with risk for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Given that fear extinction promotes resilience, and that fear extinction principles are the Vega-Torres et. al., 3 foundation of psychological treatments for PTSD, understanding how obesogenic environments interact with the adolescent period to affect the acquisition and expression of fear extinction memories is of tremendous clinical relevance. KEYWORDS PTSD, diet-induced obesity, adolescence, anxiety, fear-potentiated startle, CRHR1 HIGHLIGHTS • Short-term WD consumption during adolescence impairs cued fear extinction memory retention in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm.• Short-term WD consumption during adolescence attenuates neuronal activation to electric footshock stress in the basomedial nuclei of the amygdala.• Short-term WD consumption increases CRHR1 mRNA levels in the medial prefrontal cortex.• Adult LEW rats exhibit increased basal HPA axis tone and heightened emotional reactivity to footshock stress relative to adolescent rats.

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Section: Acoustic Startle Reflex (Asr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early maturational emergence of adult-like emotional reactivity and anxiety after brief exposure to an obesogenic diet

Vega-Torres

Azadian

Rios-Orsini

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Averaged ASR magnitudes were normalized by weight to eliminate confounding factors associated with body weight (Weight-corrected ASR = ASR magnitude in mV divided by body weight at testing day) (Elkin et al, 2006;Gogos et al, 1999;Grimsley et al, 2015;Kalyan-Masih et al, 2016;Vega-Torres et al, 2018). ASR responses were measured at the start of the study (baseline) and 48 h before FPS fear extinction retention testing and reconditioning.…”

Section: Acoustic Startle Reflex (Asr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental regulation of fear memories by an obesogenic high-saturated fat/high-sugar diet

Vega-Torres

Reyes-Rivera

Figueroa

2019

Preprint

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Background: Anxiety and stress-related disorders are strongly linked with obesity and the consumption of obesogenic diets. Paralleling clinical findings, we showed that the consumption of an obesogenic diet during adolescence disrupts the structural integrity of amygdalar and prefrontal cortex circuits underlying emotional responses to stress. These abnormalities were associated with a PTSD-like phenotype, including heightened stress reactivity to predator odor trauma, anxietylike behaviors, and profound learning deficits. The present follow-up study investigates how an obesogenic diet alters aversion-related associative memories across adolescence. Methods: Adolescent Lewis rats were fed for eight weeks with an experimentalWestern-like high-saturated fat/high-sugar diet (WD, 41% kcal from fat) or a matched control diet (CD, 13% kcal from fat). Acoustic fear-potentiated startle (FPS) responses were assessed longitudinally at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after commencing the diets to determine the effects of the WD on cued fear conditioning, fear extinction learning, and fear extinction retention. Results:We found that the rats that consumed the WD exhibited substantial attenuation of fear extinction and fear extinction retention when remote memory was tested. One-week WD consumption was sufficient to induce impairments in fear extinction learning. This phenotype was associated with reduced dopamine receptor 1 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, our reconditioning paradigm revealed that early-acquired fear memories were resistant to the disruptive effects of chronic WD consumption on cued fear learning. Vega-Torres et. al., 3Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that consumption of an obesogenic WD during adolescence heightens behavioral vulnerabilities associated with risk for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Given that fear extinction promotes resilience and that fear extinction principles are the foundation of psychological treatments for PTSD, understanding how obesity and obesogenic diets affect the acquisition and expression of fear extinction memories is of tremendous clinical relevance. HIGHLIGHTS• Acute WD consumption impairs cued fear extinction learning in a fearpotentiated startle paradigm.• WD consumption attenuates fear extinction memory retention • WD consumption during adolescence increases acoustic startle responsivity over time • Chronic WD consumption decreases dopamine receptor D1 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex.

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“…Enclosures were thoroughly cleaned and dried following each session. Averaged ASR magnitudes were normalized by weight to eliminate confounding factors associated with body weight (weight-corrected ASR = maximum startle magnitude in mV divided by body weight at testing day) (Gogos et al, 1999;Elkin et al, 2006;Grimsley et al, 2015;Kalyan-Masih et al, 2016;Vega-Torres et al, 2018). Baseline ASR responses were measured before commencing the dietary manipulations (PND 30, ADOL group; PND 80, ADUL group).…”

Section: Acoustic Startle Reflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Vulnerability to Heightened Emotional Reactivity and Anxiety After Brief Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Emerging evidence demonstrates that diet-induced obesity disrupts corticolimbic circuits underlying emotional regulation. Studies directed at understanding how obesity alters brain and behavior are easily confounded by a myriad of complications related to obesity. This study investigated the early neurobiological stress response triggered by an obesogenic diet. Furthermore, this study directly determined the combined impact of a short-term obesogenic diet and adolescence on critical behavioral and molecular substrates implicated in emotion regulation and stress. Methods: Adolescent (postnatal day 31) or adult (postnatal day 81) Lewis rats were fed for 1 week with an experimental Western-like high-saturated fat diet (WD, 41% kcal from fat) or a matched control diet (CD, 13% kcal from fat). We used the acoustic fearpotentiated startle (FPS) paradigm to determine the effects of the WD on cued fear conditioning and fear extinction. We used c-Fos mapping to determine the functional influence of the diet and stress on corticolimbic circuits. Results: We report that 1-week WD consumption was sufficient to induce fear extinction deficits in adolescent rats, but not in adult rats. We identify fear-induced alterations in corticolimbic neuronal activation and demonstrate increased prefrontal cortex CRHR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the rats that consumed the WD. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that short-term consumption of an obesogenic diet during adolescence heightens behavioral and molecular vulnerabilities associated with risk for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Given that fear extinction promotes resilience and that fear extinction principles are the foundation of psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), understanding how obesogenic environments interact with the adolescent period to affect the acquisition and expression of fear extinction memories is of tremendous clinical relevance.

show abstract

Dietary essential fatty acids and gender-specific behavioral responses in cranially irradiated rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Early maturational emergence of adult-like emotional reactivity and anxiety after brief exposure to an obesogenic diet

Early maturational emergence of adult-like emotional reactivity and anxiety after brief exposure to an obesogenic diet

Developmental regulation of fear memories by an obesogenic high-saturated fat/high-sugar diet

Adolescent Vulnerability to Heightened Emotional Reactivity and Anxiety After Brief Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet

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