Dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharide-Zn supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism by improving the antioxidant activity in chicken

Abstract

Background Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) polysaccharide has become a promising feed additive with a variety of physiological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, and cation chelating ability. However, whether Enteromorpha polysaccharide-trace element complex supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in chicken is largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of E. prolifera polysaccharide (EP)-Zn supplementation on growth performance, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism in chicken. Methods A total of 184 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups with 8 replicates, 12 chickens per replicate, and fed either the basal diet (control group) or basal diet plus E. prolifera polysaccharide-Zinc (400 mg EP-Zn/kg diet). Results Dietary EP-Zn supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the body weight, average daily gain, muscle antioxidant activity, serum HDL level, and reduced serum TG and LDL concentration. In addition, dietary EP-Zn supplementation could modulate ileal amino acid digestibility and upregulate the mRNA expression of amino acid transporter genes in the jejunum, ileum, breast muscle, and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, breast meat from chickens fed EP-Zn had higher (P < 0.05) Pro and Asp content, and lower (P < 0.05) Val, Phe, Gly, and Cys free amino acid content. Furthermore, EP-Zn supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of mTOR and anti-oxidant related genes, while down-regulated protein degradation related genes in the breast muscle. Breast meat from EP-Zn supplemented group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) proportions of Σn-3 PUFA, and a higher percentage of Σn-6 PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Besides, EP-Zn supplementation regulated lipid metabolism by inhibiting the gene expression of key enzymes involved in the fatty acid synthesis and activating genes that participated in fatty acid oxidation in the liver tissue. Conclusions It is concluded that EP-Zn complex supplementation regulates apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, enhances amino acid metabolism, and decreases oxidative stress-associated protein breakdown, thereby improving the growth performance. Furthermore, it promotes fatty acid oxidation and restrains fat synthesis through modulating lipid metabolism-related gene expression. Graphical abstract

Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides Attenuate Heat Stress-Induced Splenic Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response via Regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

“…Noteworthily, there were four antioxidant enzyme-related genes (SOD2, GPx1, GSTT1, and GSTO1) whose expression was adversely affected by HS exposure, but only two of them (SOD2 and GSTO1) were significantly reverted after feeding SDP. Likewise, other evidence supported that the natural polysaccharides regulate only certain antioxidant genes in chickens [13,57] and rats [58]. Huang et al [59] demonstrated that a dietary low dose of plant-derived polysaccharides only improved the mRNA expression of jejunal SOD2 and GSTP1 and increasing the polysaccharides intake could significantly upregulate the mRNA expression of SOD1, SOD2, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in a mice model of aging.…”

“…Currently, the use of natural polysaccharides as functional supplements and/or therapeutic drugs has attracted great interest due to their multiple biological activities [12]. In this regard, seaweed-derived polysaccharides (SDP), have been shown to alleviate oxidative stress and improve immune response in the immune organs [13,14]. The polysaccharides are the important functional phytochemicals in seaweed Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) [15].…”

Enteromorpha polysaccharide and yeast glycoprotein mixture improves growth, antioxidant activity, serum lipid profile and regulates lipid metabolism in broiler chickens

“…The fatty acid composition was analyzed based on our previous study ( Wassie et al, 2022 ). Briefly, the lipids were extracted from the breast muscle and quantified as methyl esters (FAME) using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (Thermo Quest EC Instruments) with foil thickness of 50 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm.…”

“… Qiu et al (2021) reported that supplementation of diet with EP enhances weight and differentially regulates the gene expression at the transcriptome level in the bursa of Fabricius of Arbor Acres chickens. Furthermore, our previous studies demonstrated that EP-zinc supplementation could improve intestinal health in piglets ( Xie et al, 2021 ), and regulate amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in chicken ( Wassie et al, 2022 ).…”

Effect of Different Dietary Zinc Sources on Growth, Element Deposition, Antioxidation, Lipid Metabolism, and Related Gene Expression in Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus)

“…In addition to the role of Zn ions, plant antioxidants may prevent cell damage induced by inflammatory cytokines [63]. In the case of plant-derived Zn, the addition of E. prolifera polysaccharide Zn chelate (EP-Zn) to a diet significantly improves the antioxidant activity in muscles and reduces the protein breakdown caused by oxidative stress, resulting in improved growth performance [64]. In vitro, antioxidant evaluation of fritillaria polysaccharide Zn revealed that fritillaria polysaccharide Zn (FUP-Zn) has a stronger •OH scavenging activity than fritillaria polysaccharide (FUP) [65].…”